Hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no,kev siv tshuab laser vuamyog siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm kev tsim khoom siv dav hlau mus rau kev tsim tsheb, los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau cov khoom siv kho mob, nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, kev raug thiab kev hloov pauv tau. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub laser nrog cov khoom siv, tsim cov pas dej molten thiab khov sai, yog li ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom hlau. Lub pas dej weld yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam laser, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam, microstructure thiab kev ua tau zoo kawg. Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab tob thiab kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pas dej molten yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los txhim kho qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis vuam laser thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov pob qij txha welded zoo hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Geometry ntawm pas dej molten
Lub geometry ntawm lub weld pool yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb laser welding, vim nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev hloov pauv cua sov, cov khoom siv ntws thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Cov duab ntawm lub molten pool feem ntau piav qhia los ntawm nws qhov tob, dav, qhov sib piv, thaj chaw cuam tshuam cua sov (HAZ) geometry, keyhole geometry, thiab molten metal zone (MMA) geometry. Cov kev ntsuas no tsis yog tsuas yog txiav txim siab qhov loj me thiab cov duab ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau lub voj voog thermal, qhov txias thiab microstructure tsim thaum lub sijhawm vuam.
Rooj 1. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam laser rau cov txheej txheem geometric ntawm txhua lub pas dej vuam.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias lub zog laser thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam yog ob qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov geometry ntawm lub pas dej vuam, raws li pom hauv Rooj 1. Feem ntau, thaum lub zog laser nce thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam txo qis, qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej vuam nce ntxiv, thaum qhov dav hloov pauv me ntsis. Qhov no yog vim tias lub zog laser siab dua tuaj yeem muab lub zog ntau dua, ua rau cov khoom siv yaj thiab ua pa sai dua, ua rau muaj cov qhov tseem ceeb thiab pas dej tob dua, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 1. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub zog laser siab dhau lossis qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam qis dhau, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom siv kub dhau, ua pa ntau dhau, thiab txawm tias plasma shielding effect, uas yuav txo qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov txheej txheem vuam tiag tiag, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv lub zog laser thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov kev xav tau vuam kom tau txais qhov geometry ntawm lub pas dej vuam zoo tagnrho.
Daim Duab 1. Cov duab sib txawv ntawm cov vuam uas tsim los ntawm kev vuam siv laser kub thiab kev vuam siv laser tob.
Ntxiv rau lub zog laser thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam, cov khoom siv thermal physical ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw, cov roj tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam tseem yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov geometry ntawm lub pas dej vuam. Piv txwv li, qhov siab dua ntawm cov khoom siv thermal conductivity, qhov ceev dua qhov hloov pauv cua sov los ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab qhov ceev dua qhov txias ntawm lub pas dej molten, uas yuav ua rau lub pas dej molten me me. Qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev huv ntawm cov khoom siv yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov nqus ntawm lub laser, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm lub pas dej molten. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom thiab qhov nrawm ntawm cov roj tiv thaiv kuj tseem yuav muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam rau cov duab thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub pas dej molten, cov roj tiv thaiv tsim nyog tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub pas dej molten los ntawm oxidation thiab kev ua qias tuaj, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem kho qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej molten, yog li txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam.
Daim Duab 2. Cov duab ntawm lub pas dej ua kua thaum lub laser co.
Los ntawm kev hloov pauv txoj kev mus los ntawm lub teeb laser, lub laser co tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej ua kua, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 2. Thaum lub teeb laser co, cov duab ntawm lub pas dej ua kua yuav sib xws thiab ruaj khov dua. Lub teeb laser oscillating tsim thaj chaw sov dav dua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pas dej, ua rau cov npoo ntawm lub pas dej du thiab txo cov npoo ntse thiab cov duab tsis xwm yeem. Qhov cua sov sib xws no pab txhim kho qhov zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thiab txo cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke xws li cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov qhov hws. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub laser co kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub pas dej ua kua ntau ntxiv, txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm cov pa roj thiab cov khoom tsis huv hauv lub pas dej ua kua, thiab txhim kho qhov ceev thiab kev sib xws ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pas dej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv molten
Cov cua sov ntawm cov pas dej molten yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev vuam laser, uas cuam tshuam txog kev nqus, kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog laser hauv cov pas dej molten, nrog rau kev faib tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov txias thiab kev hloov pauv theem uas tshwm sim los ntawm nws. Cov yam ntxwv thermodynamic ntawm cov pas dej vuam tsis yog tsuas yog txiav txim siab cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov pas dej vuam, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov qauv me me thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam.
Thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser, tom qab lub zog laser raug nqus los ntawm cov khoom, nws yuav tsim ib thaj chaw kub siab hauv lub pas dej yaj, ua rau cov khoom yaj thiab ua pa. Tib lub sijhawm, cua sov yuav raug xa mus los ntawm thaj chaw kub siab mus rau thaj chaw kub qis los ntawm kev ua kom sov, convection thiab hluav taws xob, yog li qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig lub pas dej yaj yuav nce ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Vim yog qhov me me, qhov kub loj thiab qhov txias sai ntawm lub pas dej yaj, nws nyuaj heev rau ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias ncaj qha. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los kawm txog cov khoom thermodynamic ntawm cov pas dej yaj los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv lej thiab cov txheej txheem simulation lej.
Hauv tus qauv thermodynamic ntawm lub pas dej ua kua, cov yam tseem ceeb hauv qab no feem ntau yuav tsum tau xav txog: Ua ntej, lub tshuab nqus ntawm lub zog laser, suav nrog kev xav, kev nqus thiab kev sib kis ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem tawg thiab nqus ntawm lub laser hauv cov khoom siv. Cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem laser yuav ua rau muaj kev nqus sib txawv thiab kev faib hluav taws xob, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm thermodynamic ntawm lub pas dej ua kua. Qhov thib ob, cov khoom siv thermal ntawm cov khoom siv, xws li lub peev xwm cua sov tshwj xeeb, thermal conductivity, qhov ceev, thiab lwm yam, cov kev cai no yuav hloov pauv nrog qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem hloov pauv cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tsim nyog los xav txog cov dej ntws thiab cov txheej txheem hloov pauv theem hauv lub pas dej ua kua, xws li yaj, evaporation thiab solidification, uas yuav hloov pauv cov duab thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub pas dej ua kua, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau microstructure thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom siv.
Los ntawm kev sim ua lej thiab kev tshawb fawb sim, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias qhov kev faib tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub pas dej ua kua feem ntau tsis sib xws, thaj chaw kub siab feem ntau yog nyob hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm laser thiab lub qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov kub maj mam txo qis mus rau ntug ntawm lub pas dej ua kua thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam cua sov. Qhov txias txias nce nrog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub pas dej ua kua thiab qhov nce ntawm qhov deb ntawm thaj chaw laser. Feem ntau, qhov txias txias qis dua hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pas dej ua kua thiab thaj chaw tseem ceeb, thaum qhov txias txias siab dua ntawm ntug ntawm lub pas dej ua kua thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam cua sov, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 2. Qhov kub thiab txias tsis sib xws no yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv pom tseeb hauv cov qauv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, xws li qhov loj me ntawm cov noob, cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev faib tawm, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev tiv thaiv xeb ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke.
Daim Duab 3. Cov txiaj ntsig simulation ntawm qhov keyhole thiab cov pas dej molten thaum lub sijhawm laser vuam tob ntawm cov hlau stainless hlau.
Yuav kom txhim kho cov yam ntxwv thermodynamic ntawm cov pas dej ua kua, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam thiab txo cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev vuam, ntau txoj kev thiab kev ntsuas tau raug pom zoo. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev kho cov yam ntxwv laser, xws li lub zog laser, qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam, qhov chaw loj, thiab lwm yam, hom kev nkag thiab kev faib tawm ntawm lub zog laser tuaj yeem hloov pauv kom ua kom zoo dua qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov pas dej ua kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus cwj pwm thermodynamic thiab kev hloov pauv microstructure ntawm cov pas dej ua kua tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev siv preheating, post-heating, multi-pass welding thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, nrog rau kev siv cov pa roj tiv thaiv sib txawv thiab cov cua vuam. Tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov khoom siv vuam tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem alloy los txhim kho qhov ruaj khov thermal thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov yam ntxwv thermodynamic ntawm cov pas dej ua kua.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej laser vuam yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm vuam, microstructure thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Kev kawm tob txog geometry thiab thermodynamic yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej laser vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam laser thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm vuam thiab zoo. Los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb sim thiab kev tshuaj xyuas lej, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, uas muab kev txhawb nqa theoretical thiab kev taw qhia kev txawj ntse rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov thev naus laus zis vuam laser. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee qhov tsis txaus hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, xws li kev yooj yim ntawm tus qauv thiab ntau qhov kev xav, thiab kev kwv yees ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej yaj hauv qab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nyuaj tsis raug txaus. Kev tshawb fawb sim ua haujlwm thiab kev ua tiav yuav tsum tau txhim kho, thiab tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tob txog ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem vuam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-28-2025
