Laser additive manufacturing (AM) thev naus laus zis, nrog rau nws qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom raug, muaj zog yoog raws, thiab qib siab ntawm automation, yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam xws li tsheb, kho mob, aerospace, thiab lwm yam (xws li foob pob hluav taws. roj nozzles, satellite kav hlau txais xov brackets, human implants, etc.). Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom luam tawm los ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tam sim no, laser additive manufacturing technology feem ntau siv lub teeb Gaussian teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub siab nruab nrab thiab qis ntug zog faib. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau ua rau cov thermal gradients siab hauv cov yaj, ua rau tom qab tsim cov pores thiab coarse nplej. Beam shaping thev naus laus zis yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los daws qhov teeb meem no, uas txhim kho kev luam ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo los ntawm kev kho qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog laser.
Piv nrog rau kev rho tawm ib txwm muaj thiab sib npaug kev tsim khoom, hlau additive manufacturing technology muaj qhov zoo xws li lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm lub voj voog, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev siv cov khoom siv siab, thiab kev ua tau zoo tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, hlau additive manufacturing technology yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam xws li aerospace, riam phom thiab khoom siv, nuclear fais fab, biopharmaceuticals, thiab tsheb. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm discrete stacking, hlau additive manufacturing siv ib tug zog qhov chaw (xws li laser, arc, los yog electron beam) yaj cov hmoov los yog hlau, thiab ces stacks lawv txheej los ntawm txheej los tsim lub hom phiaj tivthaiv. Cov thev naus laus zis no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim cov khoom me me, cov qauv tsim, lossis cov khoom siv tus kheej. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tuaj yeem los yog nyuaj rau kev siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv kuj tsim nyog rau kev npaj siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv. Vim qhov zoo li saum toj no, kev tsim khoom siv tshuab ntxiv tau nyiam cov neeg kawm thoob ntiaj teb ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, additive manufacturing technology tau ua sai sai. Vim lub automation thiab saj zawg zog ntawm laser additive manufacturing khoom, raws li zoo raws li cov kev zoo ntawm high laser zog ceev thiab siab ua hauj lwm raug, laser additive manufacturing technology tau tsim ceev tshaj ntawm peb hlau additive manufacturing technologies hais saum toj no.
Laser hlau additive manufacturing technology tuaj yeem muab faib ua LPBF thiab DED. Daim duab 1 qhia txog daim duab schematic ntawm LPBF thiab DED cov txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem LPBF, tseem hu ua Selective Laser Melting (SLM), tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hlau nyuaj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov kab hluav taws xob siab zog raws li txoj hauv kev ruaj khov ntawm lub txaj hmoov. Tom qab ntawd, cov hmoov melts thiab solidifies txheej los ntawm txheej. Cov txheej txheem DED feem ntau suav nrog ob txheej txheej luam ntawv: laser melting deposition thiab laser hlau pub additive manufacturing. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ncaj qha tsim thiab kho cov khoom hlau los ntawm synchronously pub hlau hmoov lossis hlau. Piv rau LPBF, DED muaj cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua thiab thaj chaw tsim khoom loj dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no tuaj yeem yooj yim npaj cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw luam tawm los ntawm DED yog ib txwm tsis zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm tom ntej yog xav tau los txhim kho qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm lub hom phiaj.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem laser additive tam sim no, lub tsom Gaussian beam feem ntau yog lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws lub zog tshwj xeeb faib (qhov chaw siab, qis ntug), nws yuav ua rau muaj thermal gradients siab thiab instability ntawm lub pas dej ua ke. Ua rau ua tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom luam tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias qhov chaw kub ntawm lub pas dej molten siab dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau melting tsawg rau vaporize, ntxiv rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov txheej txheem LBPF. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev nce hauv porosity, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab qaug zog lub neej ntawm cov khoom luam tawm tau txo qis. Lub zog tsis sib xws ntawm Gaussian kab teeb kuj ua rau lub zog siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav kev luam ntawv zoo dua, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib tshawb nrhiav kev them nyiaj rau qhov tsis xws luag ntawm Gaussian kab teeb los ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem tsis xws li laser zog, scanning ceev, hmoov txheej thickness, thiab scanning lub tswv yim, thiaj li yuav tswj tau lub zog tawm tswv yim. Vim lub qhov rais ua haujlwm nqaim heev ntawm txoj kev no, cov kev txwv lub cev ruaj khov txwv qhov ua tau zoo ntxiv. Piv txwv li, nce lub zog laser thiab scanning ceev tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tsim khoom siab, tab sis feem ntau tuaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txi zoo luam ntawv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, hloov lub zog laser faib los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab kev luam ntawv zoo, uas yuav dhau los ua kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm laser additive manufacturing technology. Beam shaping thev naus laus zis feem ntau yog hais txog kev kho lub wavefront kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab tawm tswv yim kom tau txais cov kev xav tau siv zog faib thiab nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv. Daim ntawv thov ntawm beam shaping technology nyob rau hauv hlau additive manufacturing technology yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 2.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm beam shaping technology nyob rau hauv laser additive manufacturing
Lub shortcomings ntawm tsoos Gaussian beam luam ntawv
Nyob rau hauv hlau laser additive manufacturing technology, lub zog faib ntawm lub laser beam muaj ib tug tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm hais tias Gaussian beams tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hlau laser additive, lawv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov teeb meem loj xws li kev luam ntawv tsis ruaj khov, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab cov txheej txheem nqaim hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv. Ntawm lawv, cov txheej txheem melting ntawm cov hmoov thiab cov dynamic ntawm lub pas dej molten thaum lub sij hawm hlau laser additive txheej txheem yog ze ze rau lub thickness ntawm cov hmoov txheej. Vim muaj cov hmoov txaws thiab yaig zones, qhov tseeb thickness ntawm hmoov txheej yog siab tshaj qhov kev cia siab. Qhov thib ob, lub chav tsev ua rau lub ntsiab rov qab dav hlau splashes. Cov hlau vapor sib tsoo nrog cov phab ntsa tom qab los tsim cov txaws, uas yog txau nrog cov phab ntsa pem hauv ntej perpendicular mus rau thaj tsam concave ntawm lub pas dej molten (raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3). Vim muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm laser beam thiab splashes, ejected splashes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev luam ntawv zoo ntawm cov hmoov txheej tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsim cov keyholes hauv lub pas dej ua ke kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm. Cov pores sab hauv ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov xauv.
Kev tsim mechanism ntawm qhov tsis xws luag hauv beam shaping technology
Beam shaping thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev txhim kho hauv ntau qhov ntev ib txhij, uas txawv ntawm Gaussian kab teeb uas txhim kho kev ua tau zoo hauv ib qhov ntev ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txi lwm qhov ntev. Beam shaping thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab ntws cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej yaj. Los ntawm kev tswj cov kev faib tawm ntawm lub zog laser, lub pas dej ua ke ruaj khov nrog qhov ntsuas kub me me tau txais. Tsim nyog lub zog hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tawm tsam porosity thiab sputtering tsis xws luag, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm laser luam ntawv ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau yam kev txhim kho hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv hmoov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, beam shaping thev naus laus zis muab peb cov tswv yim ua haujlwm ntau dua, zoo heev liberating kev ywj pheej ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim, uas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv laser additive manufacturing technology.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-28-2024
