Cov Txheej Txheem Vuam Rau Cov Khoom Me Me thiab Cov Khoom Me Me Kev vuam laser yog ib txoj kev vuam zoo thiab raug uas siv lub teeb laser siab-zog-density ua qhov chaw kub. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ua cov khoom siv laser. Xyoo 1970, nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev vuam cov khoom siv nyias-phab ntsa thiab kev vuam qeeb qeeb, thiab cov txheej txheem vuam yog hom kev xa cua sov. Tshwj xeeb, lub teeb laser ua rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm sov, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw diffuses mus rau hauv los ntawm kev xa cua sov. Los ntawm kev tswj cov kev txwv xws li qhov dav, lub zog, lub zog siab tshaj plaws, thiab qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov laser pulses, cov khoom ua haujlwm tau yaj los ua ib lub pas dej tshwj xeeb. Vim nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb, nws tau ua tiav siv rauprecision welding ntawm micro thiab me me qhov chaw.Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv tshuab laser vuam yog ib qho ntawm cov theem siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws muaj cov thev naus laus zis thiab lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm titanium alloy ntau dua 12 square meters siv laser, thiab tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov qauv thiab cov khoom lag luam ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsav dav hlau hauv tebchaws. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2013, ib tus kws tshaj lij vuam hauv Suav teb tau yeej qhov khoom plig Brook Award, qhov khoom plig kawm siab tshaj plaws hauv kev vuam, uas tau lees paub Tuam Tshoj qib kev vuam laser hauv ntiaj teb.
## Keeb Kwm Kev Loj Hlob Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub teeb laser tau tsim tawm xyoo 1960 los ntawm cov pob zeb ruby zoo siab nrog lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Txwv los ntawm lub peev xwm thermal ntawm cov siv lead ua, nws tsuas yog tuaj yeem tsim cov teeb ci luv luv nrog zaus tsawg. Txawm hais tias lub zog tam sim ntawd tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog li 10 ^ 6 watts, nws tseem yog cov zis qis zog. Ib lub neodymium-doped yttrium txhuas garnet (Nd: YAG) siv lead ua pas nrig, nrog neodymium (Nd) ua lub ntsiab lus excitation, tuaj yeem tsim cov teeb laser ib leeg-wavelength nrog lub zog ntawm 1-8KW. Lub YAG laser, nrog lub wavelength ntawm 1.06μm, tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub taub hau ua laser los ntawm cov fiber ntau optical, muaj cov khoom siv yooj ywm thiab haum rau kev vuam cov khoom siv nrog tuab ntawm 0.5-6 hli. Lub CO₂ laser, siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide ua tus excitant (nrog lub wavelength ntawm 10.6μm), tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog tso zis txog li 25KW thiab paub txog ib zaug-pass tag nrho-penetration vuam ntawm 2mm-tuab phaj. Nws tau siv dav hauv kev ua hlau hauv kev lag luam. Nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1980, laser vuam, ua ib qho thev naus laus zis tshiab, tau nyiam kev saib xyuas dav hauv Tebchaws Europe, Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Nyiv. Xyoo 1985, ThyssenKrupp Steel AG (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) thiab Volkswagen AG (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) tau koom tes los txais yuav lub ntiaj teb thawj laser-welded blank ntawm Audi 100 lub cev. Xyoo 1990, cov chaw tsim khoom tsheb loj hauv Tebchaws Europe, North America, thiab Nyiv tau pib siv dav laser-welded blank technology hauv kev tsim lub cev tsheb. Kev paub dhau los ntawm ob lub chaw soj nstuam thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tsheb tau ua pov thawj tias laser-welded blanks tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv kev tsim cov cev tsheb. Kev siv laser tailor-welding siv lub zog laser los txiav thiab vuam ntau yam hlau, stainless hlau, txhuas alloys, thiab lwm yam, nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, tuab, thiab txheej rau hauv ib lub phaj sib xyaw, profile, lossis sandwich vaj huam sib luag. Qhov no ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, thiab ua tiav cov khoom siv sib dua nrog qhov hnyav sib dua, cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv cov tebchaws tsim xws li Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas,laser tailor-weldingtsis yog tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom siv thauj mus los xwb tab sis kuj siv dav hauv cov teb xws li kev tsim kho, choj, kev tsim khoom siv hauv tsev phaj vuam, thiab kev vuam hlau phaj hauv cov kab dov (kev sib txuas phaj hauv kev dov tas mus li). Cov tuam txhab vuam laser nto moo thoob ntiaj teb suav nrog Soudonic (Switzerland), ArcelorMittal Group (Fabkis teb), ThyssenKrupp TWB (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), Servo-Robot (Canada), thiab Precitec (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov thev naus laus zis laser-welded hauv Suav teb nyuam qhuav pib. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25, 2002, Tuam Tshoj thawj kab tsim khoom lag luam rau cov khoom siv laser-welded tau raug tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nws tau qhia los ntawm Wuhan ThyssenKrupp Zhongren Laser Tailor Welding los ntawm ThyssenKrupp TWB (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Tom qab ntawd, Shanghai Baosteel Arcelor Laser Tailor Welding Co., Ltd., FAW Baoyou Laser Tailor Welding Co., Ltd., thiab lwm lub tuam txhab tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Xyoo 2003, cov tebchaws txawv teb chaws tau pom qhov ob-beam CO₂ laser filler hlau vuam thiabYAG laser filler hlau vuamrau A318 txhuas alloy phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag qis dua. Cov thev naus laus zis no hloov cov qauv riveted ib txwm muaj, txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau fuselage los ntawm 20% thiab txuag 20% ntawm tus nqi. Gong Shuili ntseeg tias laser vuam thev naus laus zis yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsim khoom dav hlau ib txwm muaj. Nws tam sim ntawd thov rau ntau qhov project ua ntej kev tshawb fawb, teeb tsa pab pawg tshawb fawb, thiab tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev qhia "double-beam laser vuam" thev naus laus zis rau hauv cov project tshawb fawb hauv Tuam Tshoj. Txij thaum pib, nws npaj yuav siv cov thev naus laus zis no rau kev tsim khoom dav hlau. Pab pawg kws tshaj lij Suav tau tshaj tawm cov thev naus laus zis ua ntej rau lub koom haum tsim dav hlau thiab txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua tau ntawm ob-beam laser vuam. Tom qab ntau qhov kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev ntsuam xyuas, lub koom haum tsim qauv tau txiav txim siab siv cov thev naus laus zis no rau kev tsim cov ribbed phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag rau ib lub dav hlau, ua tiav lub hom phiaj thawj zaug ntawm kev siv "double-beam laser vuam" thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim khoom dav hlau. Nws tau tawg ua cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb xws li kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm laser vuam hlau rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, tsim cov khoom siv vuam hlau ob-beam laser filler hybrid, tsim thawj lub zog siab ob-beam laser filler wire vuam platform hauv Suav teb, paub txog kev vuam ob-beam thiab ob-sided synchronous ntawm T-joints hauv cov qauv loj nyias-phab ntsa, thiab ua tiav siv nws rau kev tsim khoom vuam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ribbed aviation thawj zaug, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub dav hlau tshiab. Xyoo 2003, thawj lub teb chaws loj hauv online strip welding tiav cov khoom siv muab los ntawm HG Laser tau dhau qhov kev lees paub offline. Cov khoom siv no sib xyaw ua ke laser txiav, vuam, thiab kev kho cua sov, ua rau HG Laser yog ib lub tuam txhab thib plaub hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom siv zoo li no. Xyoo 2004, qhov project "High-Power Laser Cutting, Vuam thiab Combined Cutting-Welding Processing Technology and Equipment" los ntawm HG Laser Farley Laserlab yeej qhov khoom plig thib ob ntawm National Science and Technology Progress Award, ua rau nws yog tib lub tuam txhab laser hauv Suav teb nrog R&D peev xwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov khoom siv no. Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam laser kev lag luam, kev ua lag luam tau muab cov kev xav tau siab dua rau cov thev naus laus zis ua laser. Cov thev naus laus zis laser tau maj mam hloov pauv los ntawm ib daim ntawv thov mus rau ntau yam kev siv. Hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua laser, nws tsis txwv rau kev txiav ib zaug lossis vuam. Kev thov ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv ua laser sib xyaw uas sib xyaw txiav thiab vuam yog nce ntxiv, thiab yog li cov khoom siv txiav thiab vuam laser sib xyaw tau tshwm sim. HG Laser Farley Laserlab tau tsim Walc9030 kev sib xyaw txiav thiab vuam tshuab, nrog rau hom ntawv loj heev ntawm 9 × 3 meters, uas tam sim no yog lub ntiaj teb hom ntawv loj tshaj plaws kev sib xyaw ua ke laser txiav thiab vuam khoom siv. Walc9030 yog cov khoom siv txiav thiab vuam loj uas sib xyaw ua kelaser txiav thiab laser vuam functions. Nws muaj lub taub hau txiav thiab lub taub hau vuam, thiab ob lub taub hau ua haujlwm sib koom ib lub beam. Cov thev naus laus zis tswj hwm numerical ua kom lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua tiav ob txoj hauv kev uas xav tau kev txiav thiab vuam tib lub sijhawm. Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm kev txiav ua ntej ces vuam, lossis vuam ua ntej ces txiav, paub txog ob qho tib si laser txiav thiab vuam ua haujlwm nrog ib qho khoom siv yam tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom siv ntxiv. Qhov no txuag cov nqi khoom siv rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau yam. Ntxiv mus, vim muaj kev koom ua ke ntawm kev txiav thiab vuam, qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua tiav tau lees paub tag nrho, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau kov yeej qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hloov pauv thermal ntawm cov phaj thaum lub sijhawm vuam ntawm cov phaj loj heev thiab kev paub ruaj khov ntawm txoj kev ya dav hlau ntev heev. Nws tuaj yeem vuam ob lub phaj tiaj tus ntawm 6 meters ntev thiab 1.5 meters dav ib zaug, thiab qhov chaw vuam yog du thiab tiaj tus yam tsis muaj kev ua tiav tom qab ntxiv. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem txiav cov phaj nrog qhov dav ntawm 3 meters, ntev ntau tshaj 6 meters, thiab tuab tsawg dua 20 hli hauv ib qho txheej txheem tsim yam tsis muaj qhov chaw thib ob. Lub koom haum Shenyang Institute of Automation, Suav Academy of Sciences, tau ua kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb nrog IHI Corporation (Nyiv). Ua raws li lub teb chaws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm "kev taw qhia, kev zom zaub mov, kev nqus, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab", nws tau kov yeej ntau yam thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawmlaser tailor-welding, tau tsim cov kab tsim khoom siv laser tailor-welding thawj zaug hauv Suav teb thaum lub Cuaj Hli 2006, thiab tau tsim lub tshuab laser welding robotic ua tiav, ua tiav kev vuam laser ntawm cov kab planar thiab spatial. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2013, ib tus kws tshaj lij vuam Suav tau yeej qhov khoom plig Brook, qhov khoom plig kawm siab tshaj plaws hauv kev vuam. Lub Koom Haum Welding (TWI, UK) pom zoo thiab xaiv cov neeg sib tw txhua xyoo los ntawm ntau dua 4,000 tus tswv cuab hauv ntau dua 120 lub tebchaws, thiab thaum kawg muab qhov khoom plig no rau ib tus kws tshaj lij los lees paub lawv cov kev pabcuam zoo rau kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm kev vuam lossis kev koom ua ke thiab nws daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Qhov khoom plig no tsis yog tsuas yog lees paub Gong Shuili thiab nws pab neeg xwb tab sis kuj yog kev lees paub txog AVIC lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis koom ua ke.
## Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem
### Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub oscillator optical thiab ib qho nruab nrab tso rau ntawm cov iav ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub oscillator qhov. Thaum cov nruab nrab raug zoo siab rau lub xeev siab zog, nws pib tsim cov nthwv dej teeb pom kev zoo hauv theem, uas cuam tshuam rov qab thiab tawm ntawm cov iav ntawm ob qho kawg, tsim cov nyhuv photoelectric concatenation. Qhov no ua kom cov nthwv dej teeb pom kev zoo dua, thiab thaum tau txais lub zog txaus, lub laser raug tso tawm. Laser kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib lub cuab yeej uas hloov cov chaw muaj zog thawj zaug xws li lub zog hluav taws xob, lub zog tshuaj lom neeg, lub zog thermal, lub zog teeb pom kev zoo, lossis lub zog nuclear mus rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob electromagnetic ntawm cov zaus kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb (lub teeb ultraviolet, lub teeb pom kev zoo, lossis lub teeb infrared). Qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim hauv qee cov khoom khov, kua, lossis cov pa roj. Thaum cov xov xwm no raug zoo siab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov atoms lossis molecules, lawv tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog yuav luag tib theem thiab yuav luag ib qho wavelength-laser. Vim nws cov khoom hauv theem thiab ib qho wavelength, lub kaum sab xis sib txawv me me heev, thiab nws tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov deb ntev ua ntej yuav tsum tau muab cov haujlwm xws li vuam, txiav, thiab kev kho cua sov. ### Kev Faib Tawm ntawm Lasers Muaj ob hom lasers siv rau kev vuam, uas yog CO₂ lasers thiab Nd:YAG lasers. Ob qho tib si CO₂ lasers thiab Nd:YAG lasers yog lub teeb infrared tsis pom rau lub qhov muag liab qab. Lub teeb uas tsim los ntawm Nd:YAG laser feem ntau yog lub teeb ze-infrared nrog lub wavelength ntawm 1.06μm. Cov thermal conductors muaj qhov nqus siab rau lub teeb ntawm lub wavelength no, thiab rau feem ntau cov hlau, qhov kev cuam tshuam yog 20% -30%. Lub teeb ze-infrared tuaj yeem tsom mus rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.25mm siv cov iav tsom iav txheem. Lub teeb ntawm CO₂ laser yog lub teeb deb-infrared nrog lub wavelength ntawm 10.6μm. Feem ntau cov hlau muaj qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm 80% -90% rau hom teeb no, yog li cov iav tsom iav tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tsom lub teeb mus rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.75-1.0mm. Lub zog ntawm Nd:YAG lasers feem ntau tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 4,000-6,000W, thiab lub zog siab tshaj plaws tam sim no tau mus txog 10,000W. Qhov sib piv, lub zog ntawm CO₂ lasers tuaj yeem yooj yim ncav cuag 20,000W lossis siab dua. Cov CO₂ lasers muaj zog siab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev cuam tshuam siab los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum cov khoom siv nto irradiated los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yaj, lub qhov tseem ceeb tau tsim. Lub qhov tseem ceeb no puv nrog pa zoo li lub cev dub, uas nqus yuav luag tag nrho lub zog ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov kub sib npaug hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb ncav cuag li 25,000 ° C, thiab qhov cuam tshuam txo qis sai sai hauv ob peb microseconds. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txhim kho ntawm CO₂ lasers tseem tsom mus rau kev txhim kho khoom siv thiab kev tshawb fawb, nws tsis yog hais txog kev nce lub zog tso zis siab tshaj plaws, tab sis hais txog yuav ua li cas txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Ntxiv mus, thaum argon siv ua cov roj tiv thaiv rau CO₂ laser vuam nrog lub zog siab dua 10kW, nws feem ntau ua rau muaj cov plasma muaj zog, uas txo qhov tob nkag mus. Yog li ntawd, helium, uas tsis tsim cov plasma, feem ntau siv ua cov roj tiv thaiv rau cov CO₂ laser vuam muaj zog siab. Kev siv cov diode laser sib xyaw ua ke rau cov khoom siv Nd: YAG muaj zog siab yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho, uas yuav txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov teeb laser thiab tsim cov txheej txheem laser zoo dua. Kev siv cov diode arrays ncaj qha los txhawb thiab tso tawm cov lasers hauv thaj chaw ze-infrared tau ua tiav lub zog nruab nrab ntawm 1kW thiab kev hloov pauv photoelectric ntawm ze li ntawm 50%. Diodes kuj muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua (10,000 teev), uas pab txo cov nqi kho ntawm cov khoom siv laser. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) kuj tseem tab tom nce qib.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-27-2025
