Tam sim no, kev vuam tau dhau los ua ib qho thev naus laus zis tshiab. Nrog rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam hauv lub tebchaws kev lag luam, qib siab ntawmkev siv tshuab vuamtau dhau los ua lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm qib siab ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws, yog li ntawd, tsim kom muaj cov khoom siv vuam, kev siv tshuab txawj ntse, kev siv tshuab ua cov ntaub ntawv, kev tswj hwm lub zog vuam digital, kev tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam, kev siv tshuab txawj ntse, kev tsim cov txheej txheem vuamkev siv tshuab vuam hlau, kev txhim kho kom tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv vuam niaj hnub uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau tsim khoom yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub tebchaws tshiab thiab txuag hluav taws xob.
Ua ntej, qhov kev tsim kho tshuab vuam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tam sim no
Kev vuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuab, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob vam khom kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub. Kev siv tshuab vuam tsuas muaj ib puas xyoo keeb kwm, tab sis nws txoj kev loj hlob sai heev. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 20th, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ob lossis peb xyoo caum dhau los, nrog rau kev txhim kho tsis tau muaj dua ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, ntau yam kev siv tshuab vuam tshiab tau tshwm sim tsis kawg, thiab cov kev ua tiav tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub xws li plasma physics, electron beam, infrared ray, vacuum, ultrasound, acoustics, microelectronics, thiab lwm yam tau siv dav hauv kev vuam. Kev siv tshuab tshiab tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kev siv tshuab vuam, txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam, thiab nthuav dav ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam. Tam sim no, ntau txoj kev vuam nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv tau tsim. Kev siv tshuab vuam tau siv dav hauv lub zog, kev thauj mus los, kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, hluav taws xob, aerospace, roj av thiab ntau lwm yam teb. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias cov kev ua tiav tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev vuam, thiab txhawb kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam niaj hnub.
(A) kev txhim kho ntawmcov khoom siv vuamthiab cov txheej txheem vuam
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov txheej txheem vuam kuj tau tsim kho zoo heev. Tam sim no, cov yam ntxwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom siv vuam txawv teb chaws yog qhov tseeb siab, zoo, kev ntseeg siab siab, digital, kev tswj hwm ntse, loj, kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab ntau yam haujlwm. Ob qho tib si los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, lub teb chaws tab tom txhim kho hauv kev coj ua kom zoo, tsis siv neeg, ntse, txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv vuam arc maj mam mus txog qib hauv teb chaws, kho cov qauv khoom, txhim kho qib khoom, yuav tsum tsim kho lub zog fais fab inverter vuam thiab tsis siv neeg, semi-automatic vuam tshuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tshuab vuam carbon dioxide ua haujlwm siab thiab txuag hluav taws xob; Kev siv tshuab vuam tsis kam rau nruab nrab thiab siab zog ua cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb tseem ceeb thiab kev txhim kho kev coj ua; Electromagnetic compatibility technology yuav nrov npe hauv cov khoom siv vuam,kev lag luam khoom siv vuamxav tau kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cov khoom ntsuab sai; Kev siv tshuab vuam tsis siv neeg thiab cov khoom siv tab tom txhim kho ntawm qhov ceev tsis tau muaj dua, qhov project Three Gorges, qhov project xa roj sab hnub poob-sab hnub tuaj, aerospace engineering, Marine engineering thiab lwm yam kev tsim kho vaj tse loj hauv tebchaws thiab kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam tsheb hauv tsev, tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho thiab kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis vuam siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov thev naus laus zis vuam tsis siv neeg; Cov neeg hlau vuam thiab kev vuam ntse kuj tseem yuav raug tsim kho kom zoo hauv cov teb tshwj xeeb thiab siv dav; Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv vuam tshwj xeeb tiav zuj zus, qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov dav dua, cov kev xav tau kev ua haujlwm tau txais siab dua thiab siab dua, cov khoom siv los ua kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem tshiab zoo yuav laus dua thiab nrov dua, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev vam meej tshiab hauv cov khoom siv vuam tshwj xeeb, tiav.
(2) Kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv vuam
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lag luam, kev tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau muab cov teeb meem tshiab thiab kev xav tau rau kev siv tshuab vuam. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov hlau muaj zog siab, cov hlau txhuas, cov hlau nickel thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam. Cov txheej txheem vuam ib txwm muaj tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov teeb meem thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no, xws li kev vuam deformation, tawg thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam tshiab thiab cov thev naus laus zis los txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam tau dhau los ua ib qho kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho tam sim no ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam. Tam sim no, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vuam hauv Suav teb yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vuam thiab cov teb chaws tsim kho kev lag luam, qhov sib txawv yog qhov pom tseeb heev. Txhawm rau hloov kho rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim khoom vuam mus rau kev ua haujlwm siab, zoo, pheej yig thiab automation, cov teb chaws tsim kho xws li Tebchaws Meskas thiab Nyiv Pooj tau hloov kho cov qauv khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vuam tas li. Nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1980, cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws uas tsim tau suav txog li 50% ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, Tebchaws Europe, North America, Nyiv Pooj tau siv cov khoom siv vuam, qhov feem pua ntawm cov pas nrig vuam tsawg dua 20%, uas yog hais tias, kev siv tshuab tam sim no thiab kev vuam semi-automatic hauv cov teb chaws tsim tau suav txog ntau dua 80% ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm vuam. Los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv vuam hauv cov teb chaws tsim thiab thaj chaw xws li Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv Pooj thiab Western Europe, kev txo cov pas nrig vuam rau kev vuam tes thiab kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv vuam tsis siv neeg yog qhov tsis zam kev loj hlob. Nws yog qhov ceev ceev los tsim thiab tsim cov hlau tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab cov hlau cored hauv peb lub teb chaws. Raws li cov hlau tsis muaj tooj liab uas cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau qhia, nws yuav tsum hu ua hlau coated tshwj xeeb, vim muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau kuj txawv. Cov txheej txheem txheej thiab kev kho saum npoo zoo heev tsis yog tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv xeb thiab lubrication, tab sis kuj tsis tsim cov hmoov tooj liab thaum lub sijhawm vuam, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau vuam thiab txo cov vuam txaws. Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej thiab kev kho saum npoo no tseem tab tom txhim kho, nws xav tias cov hlau no thiab lub tshuab vuam digital inverter tswj hwm qhov kev hloov pauv arc kom raug, tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab, qis splash siab-tam sim no CO2 vuam, kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam hlau flux-cored, yog qhov kev coj ua yav tom ntej.
(3) Cov txheej txheem vuam tshiab, cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv vuam yav tom ntej
Ntawm ib sab tes, peb yuav tsum tsim cov txheej txheem vuam tshiab, cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv vuam kom txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm vuam thiab kev nyab xeeb, xws li kev txhim kho cov arc uas twb muaj lawm, plasma arc, electron beam, laser thiab lwm yam zog vuam, siv cov thev naus laus zis hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis los txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm arc, thiab tsim cov txheej txheem taug qab arc txhim khu kev qha thiab sib dua; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho qib ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, xws li lub tshuab vuam kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm kev pab cuam, kev tswj hwm digital, kev txhim kho lub tshuab vuam tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov txheej txheem npaj, vuam mus rau kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem automation, hauv kab ntau lawm vuam tsis siv neeg, kev txhawb nqa thiab nthuav dav ntawm CNC vuam robots thiab vuam robots, tuaj yeem txhim kho qib ntawm kev tsim khoom vuam, txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb vuam. Hauv xyoo pua 21st, ntsib lub hom phiaj loj ntawm kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv peb lub tebchaws, ntsib qhov sib txawv loj ntawm peb cov thev naus laus zis vuam thiab cov tebchaws txawv teb chaws, uas tau muab cov kev xav tau siab dua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm vuam, yog li peb yuav tsum siv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub, thiab siv zog txhawb kev nce qib thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis vuam.
II. Kev kwv yees txog kev siv tshuab vuam yav tom ntej
Xyoo 2025, kev siv tshuab vuam tau koom ua ke tag nrho rau hauv kev lag luam 4.0 ecology, qhia txog peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm"Kev tsav tsheb ntse, kev sib koom ua ke meej, ntsuab thiab ruaj khov".
kev nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntseTus nqi nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg hlau vuam kev lag luam tau txog 67%, thiab tus nqi ntawm AI vuam system txo qis 40%.
Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom sivCov txheej txheem vuam sib txawv npog 90% ntawm cov xwm txheej tsim khoom sib dua.
Lub hom phiaj tsis muaj pa roj carbonTus nqi nkag mus ntawm cov tshuab vuam hydrogen ntau dua 30%, thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm kev vuam cov pa roj carbon yuav raug txo los ntawm 55% piv rau xyoo 2020.
(A) Kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam yav tom ntej
Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom mus rau qib siab thiab kev coj ua ntse, kev siv tshuab vuam yog coj mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb hauv qab no
1. Lub tshuab vuam ntse
AI adaptive welding: Lub tshuab vuam siv AIKev txheeb xyuas qhov vuam thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li kev kawm tob kom paub txog kev saib xyuas zoo tiag tiag thiab ceeb toom txog qhov tsis zoo.
· Tus neeg hlau vuam uas hloov tau yooj yim tuaj yeem hloov kho txoj kev thiab lub zog kom haum rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nyuaj (xws li kev vuam ntawm lub dav hlau). Tus neeg hlau vuam uas muaj lub neural network tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas qhov thermal deformation ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab hloov kho cov kev ntsuas vuam (xws li kev vuam ntawm lub dav hlau titanium alloy cabin). Tus nqi kuaj pom qhov tsis zoo nce mus txog 99.5%, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam nce 50%.
Lub Hoobkas ntxaib digital: Kev siv tshuab virtual simulation txo qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam los ntawm 70% (Case: Tesla 4680 roj teeb pob vuam txheej txheem optimization). Kev simulation virtual yog siv los kwv yees qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev vuam thiab txo cov nqi sim thiab qhov yuam kev. Txhawb nqa 5G kev tswj hwm chaw taws teeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig muaj kev pheej hmoo siab (xws li kev saib xyuas lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear).
2. Kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob siab
Kev vuam laser ceev heev: Kev vuam laser Femtosecond ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm qib micron rau kev ntim khoom nti thiab cov khoom siv kho mob me me xws li kev vuam hlau pacemaker.
Kev sib txuas ua ke laser-arc: ua ke laser siab precision thiab arc siab penetration, siv rau lub zog tshiab lub tsheb roj teeb ntim.
·electron beam vacuum welding: kom ua tiav kev sib txuas xoom-pollution ntawm titanium alloy thiab lwm yam khoom siv vuam nyuaj, siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom siv kho mob.
Kev hloov kho dua tshiab ntawm Cold Metal Transition (CMT): Lub cua sov nkag mus rau hauv lub cev txo qis mus rau 20% ntawm cov MIG ib txwm muaj, tsim nyog rau kev vuam lub cev txhuas lithium alloy (BMW i7 kab).
3. Qhov chaw thiab qhov tob hiav txwv vuam
Kev tsim khoom ntawm lub hauv paus lunar hauv qhov chawNASA siv tshuab vuam electron beam los vuam cov qauv hlau ncaj qha nrog ilmenite hauv av lunar.
Kev kho cov kav dej hauv dej hiav txwv tob: qhov tob ntawm lub tshuab vuam hauv qab dej siab tshaj 6,000 meters (CNOOC South China Sea Oil and Gas Field Project).
4. kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txawv
· Tsim cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke ntawm txhuas/hlau, ceramic/hlau thiab lwm yam los txhawb kev tsim cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis hnyav (xws li txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau).
· kev sib txuas ua ke
· Cov roj carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) ultrasonic welding, los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm lub zog tsis txaus ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas ib txwm muaj.
5. Kev txhim kho kom ruaj khovtshuab vuam hydrogen: hloov cov acetylene txiav ib txwm muaj, ua tiav xoom carbon emissions. Vuam pa luam yeeb purification system: nano-lim tub ntxhais + AI kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo, ntes tau 99.9% cov khoom phom sij.
(3) Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam yav tom ntej thiab kev kwv yees kev ua lag luam
Cov khoom siv vuam arc, suav nrog cov welders, cov khoom siv fais fab thiab lwm yam khoom siv, suav txog li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv vuam thiab xav tias yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm 6%. Cov khoom siv vuam tsis kam, suav nrog cov welders, transformers, maub los thiab cov khoom kuj tseem yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi loj hlob. Kev vuam roj thiab kev txiav roj xav tias yuav muaj tus nqi loj hlob qis dua. Lwm cov khoom siv vuam, xws li kev vuam stud, kev vuam laser, kev sib txhuam vuam, kev vuam electron beam thiab cov khoom siv vuam ultrasonic yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi sai dua. Cov khoom siv vuam robotic yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi siab heev, thiab nws tus nqi ntshuam yuav nce ntxiv, vim tias feem ntau kev vuam yog tsim tawm sab nraum Tebchaws Meskas. Raws li Tebchaws Meskas yog lub tebchaws tsim khoom siv vuam thiab txiav loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, kev xa tawm ntawm kev vuam thiab txiav khoom siv yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Muaj ob pawg ntawm cov hlau vuam filler; Cov pas nrig vuam thiab cov xov hlau. Tus nqi ntawm electrode yuav txo qis txhua xyoo, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov xov hlau, suav nrog cov xov hlau khov kho thiab cov xov hlau flux-cored, yuav nce txhua xyoo. Qhov no yog qhov kev hloov pauv tsis hloov pauv ntawm kev txhim kho.
Qhov loj ntawm kev ua lag luam: Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam yog218 billion duas las Asmeskas(2025), nrog rau tus nqi loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 9.3%.
Kev faib ua feem ntawm thev naus laus zis:
· Kev vuam laser: 32%
· Lub tshuab vuam ntse: 28%
· Kev siv tshuab vuam ntsuab: 25%
· Kev loj hlob hauv cheeb tsamThaj av Asia-Pacific tau pab txhawb 45% ntawm qhov nce, thiab Tuam Tshoj yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov khoom siv vuam semiconductor.
· (4) Cov teeb meem thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam yav tom ntej
Kev Sib Tw:
Kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev vuam hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav (xws li cov reactors fusion kub heev).
· kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem vuam nanoscale (chip 3D stacking).
· Lub Zeem Muag rau Xyoo 2030:
· Kev siv tshuab quantum welding: kev siv txoj cai quantum entanglement los ua kom tiav cov khoom siv atomic level bonding.
· Biowelding: Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom siv biodegradable uas kub tsawg raws li cov enzymes biological.
· (2) Cov teb thov kev siv tshuab vuam yav tom ntej
· Cov tsheb fais fab tshiab
· Kev tsav dav hlau
· Cov khoom siv kho mob
· Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse
· III. Kev piav qhia txog kev siv tshuab vuam yav tom ntej
· Hauv ib lo lus, qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam yog qhov zoo siab heev. Nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, khoom siv thiab kev siv tshuab automation, kev siv tshuab vuam yuav maj mam ua tiav kev txhim kho zoo, zoo thiab ntse. Qhov no yuav muab ntau lub sijhawm thiab kev cov nyom rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, peb kuj yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb nrhiav tob tob, thiab txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam hloov pauv. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua raws li kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev txhim kho tas li, kev siv tshuab vuam tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb dua hauv kev lag luam yav tom ntej. Kev siv tshuab vuam tau tawg los ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj thiab dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab. Hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, nws txoj kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev txawj ntse dag, kev suav lej quantum, thiab bioengineering yuav hloov kho qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev tsim khoom siab thoob ntiaj teb.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-14-2025
