Kev Sib Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Laser - Cov Nyhuv Ntawm Qhov Tseem Ceeb

Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov keyholes:

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb: Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob ntau dua 10 ^ 6W / cm ^ 2, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv yaj thiab ua pa hauv qab kev ua ntawm laser. Thaum qhov ceev ntawm kev ua pa loj txaus, lub zog rov qab ntawm cov pa dej tsim tawm txaus kom kov yeej qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub zog nqus ntawm cov hlau kua, yog li ntawd qee cov hlau kua hloov chaw, ua rau lub pas dej ua kua ntawm thaj chaw ua kom muaj zog poob thiab tsim cov qhov me me; Lub teeb ntawm lub teeb ncaj qha ua rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov me me, ua rau cov hlau yaj ntxiv thiab ua pa roj. Cov pa dej siab siab txuas ntxiv yuam cov hlau kua ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub qhov kom ntws mus rau sab nraud ntawm lub pas dej ua kua, ua rau lub qhov me me tob dua. Cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus, thaum kawg tsim lub qhov zoo li qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau kua. Thaum lub zog pa dej hlau tsim los ntawm lub teeb laser hauv lub qhov me me mus txog qhov sib npaug nrog qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub zog nqus ntawm cov hlau kua, lub qhov me me tsis tob dua thiab tsim lub qhov me me ruaj khov, uas hu ua "qhov me me nyhuv".

Thaum lub teeb laser txav mus rau qhov workpiece, lub qhov me me qhia txog lub hauv ntej nkhaus me ntsis rov qab thiab lub duab peb sab inverted pom tseeb ntawm sab nraub qaum. Ntug pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov me me yog thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab siab vapor siab, thaum qhov kub raws ntug tom qab qis qis thiab lub siab vapor me me. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab qhov kub sib txawv no, cov kua molten ntws ncig lub qhov me me los ntawm qhov kawg pem hauv ntej mus rau qhov kawg tom qab, tsim ib lub vortex ntawm qhov kawg tom qab ntawm lub qhov me me, thiab thaum kawg khov kho ntawm ntug tom qab. Lub xeev dynamic ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb tau txais los ntawm kev sim laser thiab kev vuam tiag tiag tau pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, Cov morphology ntawm cov qhov me me thiab kev ntws ntawm cov kua molten nyob ib puag ncig thaum mus ncig ntawm qhov ceev sib txawv.

Vim muaj cov qhov me me, lub zog laser nkag mus rau hauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv, tsim cov weld seam tob thiab nqaim no. Cov qauv morphology ntawm laser tob nkag mus rau hauv weld seam tau qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab saum toj no. Qhov tob nkag mus rau hauv weld seam yog ze rau qhov tob ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb (kom meej meej, cov txheej metallographic yog 60-100um tob dua li lub qhov tseem ceeb, ib txheej kua tsawg dua). Qhov siab dua ntawm lub zog laser, qhov tob dua qhov me me, thiab qhov tob nkag mus rau hauv weld seam ntau dua. Hauv kev vuam laser muaj zog siab, qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov tob rau qhov dav piv ntawm weld seam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 12: 1.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev nqus ntawmlub zog laserlos ntawm qhov tseem ceeb

Ua ntej tsim cov qhov me me thiab plasma, lub zog ntawm lub laser feem ntau xa mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv thermal conduction. Cov txheej txheem vuam yog rau kev vuam conductive (nrog qhov tob nkag mus tsawg dua 0.5 hli), thiab cov khoom siv nqus ntawm lub laser yog nruab nrab ntawm 25-45%. Thaum lub qhov tseem ceeb tau tsim, lub zog ntawm lub laser feem ntau yog nqus los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm los ntawm cov nyhuv qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov txheej txheem vuam dhau los ua vuam tob tob (nrog qhov tob nkag mus ntau dua 0.5 hli), Qhov nqus tau tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 60-90%.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv kev txhim kho kev nqus ntawm laser thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm xws li laser vuam, txiav, thiab drilling. Lub teeb laser nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb yuav luag nqus tag nrho los ntawm ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm phab ntsa qhov.

Feem ntau ntseeg tias lub zog nqus ntawm laser sab hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb suav nrog ob txoj hauv kev: kev nqus rov qab thiab Fresnel nqus.

Qhov sib npaug ntawm lub siab hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb

Thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser tob tob, cov khoom siv yuav vaporization hnyav, thiab lub siab nthuav dav uas tsim los ntawm cov pa kub siab yuav tso cov hlau ua kua tawm, ua rau cov qhov me me. Ntxiv rau lub siab vapor thiab lub siab ablation (tseem hu ua lub zog evaporation lossis lub siab recoil) ntawm cov khoom siv, kuj tseem muaj qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw, lub siab static ntawm cov kua los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, thiab lub siab dynamic ntawm cov kua los ntawm kev ntws ntawm cov khoom molten hauv qhov me me. Ntawm cov siab no, tsuas yog lub siab vapor tswj qhov qhib ntawm qhov me me, thaum peb lub zog ntxiv siv zog kaw qhov me me. Txhawm rau kom tswj tau qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm vuam, lub siab vapor yuav tsum txaus kom kov yeej lwm yam kev tawm tsam thiab ua tiav qhov sib npaug, tswj tau qhov ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb. Rau kev yooj yim, feem ntau ntseeg tias cov zog ua rau ntawm phab ntsa qhov tseem ceeb yog lub siab ablation (lub siab recoil ntawm cov hlau vapor) thiab qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw.

Kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm Keyhole

Tom Qab: Laser ua haujlwm rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau muaj ntau cov hlau kom evaporate. Lub zog recoil nias rau ntawm lub pas dej molten, tsim cov qhov tseem ceeb thiab plasma, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov tob melting. Thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los, lub laser ntaus rau ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov chaw uas lub laser kov cov khoom siv yuav ua rau muaj kev evaporation ntawm cov khoom siv. Tib lub sijhawm, phab ntsa qhov tseem ceeb yuav ntsib kev poob loj, thiab qhov evaporation yuav tsim lub zog recoil uas yuav nias rau ntawm cov hlau kua, ua rau phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv mus rau hauv qab thiab txav mus los hauv qab ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb mus rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub pas dej molten. Vim yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov kua molten pas dej los ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej mus rau phab ntsa tom qab, qhov ntim hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv tas li, Lub zog sab hauv ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb kuj hloov pauv raws li, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntim ntawm plasma txau tawm. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntim plasma ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev tiv thaiv, kev cuam tshuam, thiab kev nqus ntawm lub zog laser, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog ntawm laser mus txog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog dynamic thiab periodic, thaum kawg ua rau muaj cov hlau sawtooth zoo li thiab wavy nkag mus, thiab tsis muaj qhov sib npaug zoo sib xws nkag mus, Daim duab saum toj no yog qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam tau los ntawm kev txiav longitudinal parallel rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam, nrog rau kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov keyhole los ntawmIPG-LDD ua pov thawj.

Txhim kho qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb

Thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser tob tob, qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub qhov me me tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm ntau yam kev ntxhov siab hauv lub qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nqus ntawm lub zog laser los ntawm phab ntsa qhov thiab kev ua pa ntawm cov khoom siv, kev tso tawm ntawm cov pa hlau sab nraud lub qhov me me, thiab kev txav mus tom ntej ntawm lub qhov me me thiab pas dej ua kua yog cov txheej txheem hnyav heev thiab ceev ceev. Nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej txheej txheem, thaum lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm vuam, muaj qhov ua tau tias qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub qhov me me yuav raug cuam tshuam hauv thaj chaw hauv zos, ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm vuam. Cov feem ntau thiab feem ntau yog cov qhov me me hom porosity tsis zoo thiab spatter tshwm sim los ntawm qhov keyhole collapse;

Yog li yuav ua li cas kom ruaj khov lub qhov tseem ceeb?

Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua dej qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb (qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntws, lub zog, optoelectronic physics), uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub zog ntawm cov pa hlau rov qab; Lub zog ntawm cov pa hlau rov qab ua rau lub cim ntawm cov qhov tseem ceeb, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tob thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov qhov tseem ceeb. Tib lub sijhawm, ua tib yam khoom txav mus rau sab saud ntawm cov pa hlau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam, nws kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm spatter; Qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam rau qhov ntws ntawm lub pas dej molten;

Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem vuam laser ruaj khov nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw hauv lub pas dej molten, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dhau. Qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev faib tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov chaw cua sov. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw cua sov sib xyaw thiab kev vuam viav vias yog cov lus qhia txog kev siv tshuab rau cov txheej txheem vuam ruaj khov;

Cov pa hlau thiab qhov ntim ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov nyhuv plasma thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov qhib qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov loj dua qhov qhib, qhov loj dua qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov hloov pauv me me hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej yaj, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me rau qhov ntim ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev hloov pauv siab sab hauv; Yog li ntawd, lub nplhaib hloov kho hom laser (annular spot), laser arc recombination, zaus modulation, thiab lwm yam yog txhua qhov kev taw qhia uas tuaj yeem nthuav dav.