Piv nrog rau cov cuab yeej siv vuam tsoos,laser vuammuaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev vuam qhov tseeb, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ntseeg siab, kev siv tshuab thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nws tau tsim kho sai hauv kev lag luam tsheb, lub zog, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam, thiab suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws hauv xyoo pua 21st.
1. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm ob-beamlaser vuam
Ob chav-beamlaser vuamyog siv cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag los cais tib lub laser ua ob lub teeb sib cais rau kev vuam, lossis siv ob hom lasers sib txawv los ua ke, xws li CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser thiab high-power semiconductor laser. Txhua yam tuaj yeem ua ke. Nws tau raug pom zoo los daws qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm laser vuam rau kev sib dhos raug, txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam. Ob chav-beamlaser vuamtuaj yeem hloov kho qhov kub ntawm vuam tau yooj yim thiab yoog tau los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb, qhov sib nrug ntawm lub teeb, thiab txawm tias qhov faib hluav taws xob ntawm ob lub teeb laser, hloov pauv qhov muaj nyob ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv ntws ntawm cov hlau ua kua hauv lub pas dej ua kua. Muab kev xaiv dav dua ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov lojlaser vuamkev nkag mus, kev ceev ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm siab, tab sis kuj tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov pob qij txha uas nyuaj rau vuam nrog cov qauv ib txwm muajlaser vuam.
Rau ob-beamlaser vuam, peb xub tham txog cov txheej txheem siv ntawm ob lub teeb laser. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua tiav qhia tau hais tias muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ua kom tiav ob lub teeb vuam: kev tsom mus rau kev sib kis thiab kev tsom mus rau kev xav. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho yog ua tiav los ntawm kev kho lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm ob lub lasers los ntawm kev tsom iav thiab cov iav sib dhos. Qhov thib ob yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub hauv paus laser thiab tom qab ntawd tsom mus rau kev tsom mus rau kev cuam tshuam, cov iav sib kis thiab cov iav zoo li wedge kom ua tiav ob lub teeb. Rau thawj txoj kev, muaj peb daim ntawv. Daim ntawv thawj zaug yog txuas ob lub lasers los ntawm cov fibers optical thiab faib lawv ua ob lub teeb sib txawv hauv qab tib lub iav sib dhos thiab daim iav tsom mus rau. Qhov thib ob yog tias ob lub lasers tso tawm cov teeb laser los ntawm lawv cov taub hau vuam, thiab ob lub teeb yog tsim los ntawm kev kho qhov chaw ntawm cov taub hau vuam. Txoj kev thib peb yog tias lub teeb laser yog thawj zaug faib los ntawm ob daim iav 1 thiab 2, thiab tom qab ntawd tsom mus rau los ntawm ob daim iav tsom mus rau 3 thiab 4 feem. Qhov chaw thiab qhov deb ntawm ob qhov chaw tsom xam tuaj yeem hloov kho tau los ntawm kev kho lub kaum ntawm ob daim iav tsom xam 3 thiab 4. Txoj kev thib ob yog siv lub laser khov kho los faib lub teeb kom ua tiav ob lub teeb, thiab kho lub kaum thiab qhov sib nrug los ntawm daim iav pom kev thiab daim iav tsom xam. Ob daim duab kawg hauv kab thawj hauv qab no qhia txog lub kaw lus spectroscopic ntawm CO2 laser. Daim iav tiaj tiaj raug hloov nrog daim iav zoo li wedge thiab muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav tsom xam kom faib lub teeb kom ua tiav ob lub teeb sib luag.
Tom qab nkag siab txog kev siv ob lub beams, cia peb qhia luv luv txog cov ntsiab cai thiab cov txheej txheem vuam. Hauv ob lub beamlaser vuamcov txheej txheem, muaj peb txoj kev teeb tsa beam, uas yog kev teeb tsa serial, kev teeb tsa parallel thiab kev teeb tsa hybrid. daim ntaub, uas yog, muaj qhov deb hauv ob qho kev taw qhia vuam thiab kev taw qhia ntsug vuam. Raws li pom hauv kab kawg ntawm daim duab, raws li cov duab sib txawv ntawm cov qhov me me thiab cov pas dej molten uas tshwm sim hauv qab qhov sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm vuam serial, lawv tuaj yeem faib ua cov yaj ib leeg. Muaj peb lub xeev: pas dej, pas dej molten thiab pas dej molten sib cais. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pas dej molten ib leeg thiab pas dej molten sib cais zoo ib yam li cov ntawm ib leeglaser vuam, raws li tau pom hauv daim duab qhia txog kev ua lej. Muaj cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv rau ntau hom sib txawv.
Hom 1: Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nrug, ob lub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb ua ib lub qhov tseem ceeb loj hauv tib lub pas dej ua kua; rau hom 1, nws tau tshaj tawm tias ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb siv los tsim ib lub qhov me me, thiab lwm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb siv rau kev kho cua sov vuam, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau carbon siab thiab cov hlau alloy.
Hom 2: Ua kom qhov chaw sib nrug ntawm tib lub pas dej ua kua, cais ob lub beams ua ob lub qhov tseem ceeb ywj pheej, thiab hloov cov qauv ntws ntawm lub pas dej ua kua; rau hom 2, nws txoj haujlwm yog sib npaug rau ob lub electron beam vuam, Txo cov weld spatter thiab cov welds tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ntev focal tsim nyog.
Hom 3: Ua kom qhov chaw sib nrug ntxiv thiab hloov qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog ntawm ob lub beams, yog li ib qho ntawm ob lub beams siv ua qhov chaw cua sov los ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej-welding lossis tom qab-welding thaum lub sijhawm vuam, thiab lwm lub beam siv los tsim cov qhov me me. Rau hom 3, kev tshawb fawb pom tias ob lub beams tsim ib lub qhov tseem ceeb, lub qhov me me tsis yooj yim rau kev tawg, thiab qhov vuam tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim cov qhov.
2. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam rau qhov zoo ntawm vuam
Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb thiab lub zog ntawm kev vuam sib txuas
Thaum lub zog laser yog 2kW, qhov ceev vuam yog 45 mm/s, qhov defocus yog 0mm, thiab qhov nrug ntawm lub beam yog 3 mm, qhov zoo li ntawm qhov vuam thaum hloov RS (RS = 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) yog raws li pom hauv daim duab. Thaum RS = 0.50 thiab 2.00, qhov vuam raug dented ntau dua, thiab muaj ntau spatter ntawm ntug ntawm qhov vuam, yam tsis tsim cov qauv ntses tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yog vim tias thaum qhov piv ntawm lub zog beam me dhau lossis loj dhau, lub zog laser yog concentrated dhau, ua rau lub laser pinhole oscillate ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm vuam, thiab lub zog recoil ntawm cov pa ua rau lub ejection thiab splashing ntawm cov hlau molten hauv lub pas dej molten; Kev nkag mus rau hauv cua sov ntau dhau ua rau qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej molten ntawm sab aluminium alloy loj dhau, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Thaum RS = 0.67 thiab 1.50, tus qauv ntses nplai ntawm qhov chaw vuam yog sib xws, cov duab vuam zoo nkauj dua, thiab tsis muaj qhov tawg kub vuam pom, qhov hws thiab lwm yam tsis zoo vuam ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Cov duab hla ntawm cov vuam nrog cov piv zog sib txawv RS yog raws li pom hauv daim duab. Qhov hla ntawm cov vuam yog nyob rau hauv ib txwm "cawv iav zoo li", qhia tias cov txheej txheem vuam yog ua tiav hauv laser tob tob vuam hom. RS muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau qhov tob nkag P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab txhuas alloy. Thaum lub zog sib piv RS = 0.5, P2 yog 1203.2 microns. Thaum lub zog sib piv yog RS = 0.67 thiab 1.5, P2 raug txo qis, uas yog 403.3 microns thiab 93.6 microns feem. Thaum lub zog sib piv yog RS = 2, qhov tob nkag ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yog 1151.6 microns.
Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog sib luag ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab rau kev tsim cov kab vuam
Thaum lub zog laser yog 2.8kW, qhov ceev vuam yog 33mm / s, qhov defocus tus nqi yog 0mm, thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm lub beam yog 1mm, qhov chaw vuam tau txais los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov piv ntawm lub zog beam (RS = 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5, 2, 4) Qhov tsos tau pom hauv daim duab. Thaum RS = 2, tus qauv nplai ntses ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub weld yog qhov tsis sib xws. Qhov chaw ntawm lub weld tau txais los ntawm lwm tsib qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog beam yog tsim zoo, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo pom xws li qhov hws thiab spatter. Yog li ntawd, piv nrog serial dual-beamlaser vuam, qhov chaw vuam siv cov kab sib luag ob lub teeb sib luag zoo nkauj dua thiab zoo nkauj dua. Thaum RS = 0.25, muaj qhov nyuaj me ntsis hauv qhov vuam; raws li qhov piv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb maj mam nce (RS = 0.5, 0.67 thiab 1.5), qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam yog sib xws thiab tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab; txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov piv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb nce ntxiv (RS = 1.50, 2.00), tab sis muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam. Thaum qhov piv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb RS = 0.25, 1.5 thiab 2, cov duab ntawm qhov vuam yog "zoo li khob cawv"; thaum RS = 0.50, 0.67 thiab 1, cov duab ntawm qhov vuam yog "zoo li lub funnel". Thaum RS = 4, tsis yog tsuas yog cov kab nrib pleb xwb nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov vuam, tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov pores nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab qis dua ntawm qhov vuam. Thaum RS = 2, cov pores loj loj tshwm sim hauv qhov vuam, tab sis tsis muaj kab nrib pleb tshwm sim. Thaum RS = 0.5, 0.67 thiab 1.5, qhov tob nkag mus rau P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab txhuas alloy me dua, thiab qhov seem ntawm qhov vuam tau tsim zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov vuam. Cov no qhia tau tias qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser ob-beam kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus rau hauv qhov vuam thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov vuam.
Lub teeb sib luag - qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm lub teeb rau ntawm kev tsim cov kab sib txuas
Thaum lub zog laser yog 2.8kW, qhov ceev vuam yog 33mm / s, qhov defocus ntau yog 0mm, thiab qhov piv ntawm lub zog beam RS = 0.67, hloov qhov sib nrug ntawm lub beam (d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) kom tau txais qhov morphology ntawm qhov chaw vuam raws li daim duab qhia. Thaum d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam yog du thiab tiaj tus, thiab cov duab zoo nkauj; tus qauv nplai ntses ntawm qhov vuam yog ib txwm thiab zoo nkauj, thiab tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb, tawg thiab lwm yam tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv plaub qhov sib nrug ntawm lub beam, qhov chaw vuam tau tsim zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum d = 2 hli, ob qhov sib txawv welds tau tsim, uas qhia tau hais tias ob lub teeb laser sib luag tsis ua haujlwm rau ntawm lub pas dej molten, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov zoo dual-beam laser hybrid vuam. Thaum qhov nrug ntawm lub beam yog 0.5 hli, qhov vuam yog "zoo li lub funnel", qhov tob nkag mus rau P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy yog 712.9 microns, thiab tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, qhov hws thiab lwm yam tsis zoo hauv qhov vuam. Thaum qhov nrug ntawm lub beam txuas ntxiv nce, qhov tob nkag mus rau P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy txo qis heev. Thaum qhov nrug ntawm lub beam yog 1 hli, qhov tob nkag mus rau qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy tsuas yog 94.2 microns. Thaum qhov nrug ntawm lub beam ntxiv nce, qhov vuam tsis tsim kev nkag mus zoo rau sab aluminium alloy. Yog li ntawd, thaum qhov nrug ntawm lub beam yog 0.5 hli, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob-beam recombination yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum qhov nrug ntawm lub beam nce, qhov cua sov vuam txo qis sai, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob-beam laser recombination maj mam zuj zus.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv vuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej ntws thiab txias ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov hlau thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Txoj kev sim ua lej tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov hlau yooj yim dua, tab sis kuj txo qhov nqi sim. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov hlau sab nrog ib lub nqaj hlau, kev npaj sib txawv thiab qhov chaw sib nrug. Cov lus xaus tseem ceeb suav nrog: (1) Thaum lub sijhawm ib lub nqaj hlaulaser vuamcov txheej txheem, qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej ua kua yog qhov tob tshaj plaws, muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawg, phab ntsa qhov tsis sib xws, thiab qhov faib tawm ntawm qhov dej ntws ze ntawm phab ntsa qhov tsis sib xws; ze ntawm qhov chaw tom qab ntawm lub pas dej ua kua Lub reflow muaj zog, thiab muaj qhov rov qab rov qab ntawm qab ntawm lub pas dej ua kua; qhov faib tawm ntawm qhov dej ntws ntawm lub pas dej ua kua saum npoo yog qhov sib xws thiab qeeb, thiab qhov dav ntawm lub pas dej ua kua tsis sib xws raws li qhov tob. Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm phab ntsa recoil siab hauv lub pas dej ua kua ntawm cov qhov me me hauv ob-beamlaser vuam, thiab nws yeej ib txwm muaj nyob raws qhov tob ntawm cov qhov me me. Raws li qhov deb ntawm ob lub teeb ci txuas ntxiv mus, lub zog ceev ntawm lub teeb ci maj mam hloov pauv ntawm ib lub ncov mus rau ob lub ncov xeev. Muaj tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ob lub ncov, thiab lub zog ceev maj mam txo qis. (2) Rau ob lub teeb cilaser vuam, thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0-0.5 hli, qhov tob ntawm cov qhov me me ntawm lub pas dej molten txo qis me ntsis, thiab tag nrho cov dej ntws ntawm lub pas dej molten zoo ib yam li ntawm ib lub beamlaser vuam; thaum qhov chaw sib nrug siab tshaj 1 hli, cov qhov me me raug sib cais tag nrho, thiab thaum lub sijhawm vuam yuav luag tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub lasers, uas yog sib npaug rau ob qhov sib law liag / ob qhov sib luag ib leeg-beam laser weldings nrog lub zog ntawm 1750W. Yuav luag tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ua ntej, thiab tus cwj pwm ntws ntawm cov pas dej molten zoo ib yam li cov vuam laser ib leeg-beam. (3) Thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0.5-1 hli, qhov chaw ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov qhov me me yog tiaj tus hauv ob qho kev npaj, qhov tob ntawm cov qhov me me maj mam txo qis, thiab hauv qab maj mam sib cais. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qhov me me thiab kev ntws ntawm lub pas dej molten saum npoo yog ntawm 0.8 hli. Qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Rau kev vuam serial, qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej molten maj mam nce, qhov dav yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0.8 hli, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ua ntej yog qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0.8 hli. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Marangoni lub zog maj mam tsis muaj zog, thiab ntau cov hlau kua ntws mus rau ob sab ntawm lub pas dej molten. Ua kom qhov dav faib ntawm cov yaj sib npaug ntau dua. Rau kev vuam sib luag, qhov dav ntawm lub pas dej ua kua maj mam nce, thiab qhov ntev yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.8 hli, tab sis tsis muaj qhov ua ntej cua sov; qhov rov ua dua ze ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm lub zog Marangoni yeej ib txwm muaj, thiab qhov rov ua dua hauv qab ntawm lub qhov me me maj mam ploj mus; lub tshav pob ntws hla tsis zoo li Nws muaj zog hauv series, qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis tshua cuam tshuam rau qhov ntws ntawm ob sab ntawm lub pas dej ua kua, thiab qhov dav ntawm cov kua tsis sib npaug.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-12-2023
