Kev Sib Dhos Vuam
1. Qhov Sib Dhos thiab Kev Tsis Sib Haum
Qhov zoo ntawm kev sib dhos yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov vuam zoo. Qhov sib dhos ntau dhau lossis qhov tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li hlawv, tsis zoo tsim vuam, thiab tsis nkag mus tsis tiav. Qhov sib dhos rau cov pob qij txha fillet thiab pob tw yuav tsum me li sai tau. Rooj 8-2 teev cov kev cai rau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev vuam laser autogenous tes.
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, txo qhov deformation, thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw uas yuav tsum tau vuam vim yog qhov torsional deformation thaum vuam, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv tack welding ua ntej vuam. Tib txoj kev txheej txheem zoo li formal welding siv rau kev sib dhos tack welding. Qhov ntev ntawm tack welds yog 20-30 hli, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua zoo rau tack welds (piv txwv li, qhov tob thiab dav nkag mus) qis dua li cov rau formal welding. Kev mus ncig ceev dua feem ntau siv rau tack welding dua li formal welding. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas ntawm tack welds txhim khu kev qha, tack welds yuav tsum tiaj tus, ntev, thiab nyias, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau, dav, lossis siab dhau. Tack welds kuj xav tau kev tiv thaiv txaus kom tsis txhob muaj oxidation.
3. Cov khoom siv thiab cov clamps
Laser welding feem ntau yog siv rauvuam phaj nyias. Hauv kev vuam hlau nyias nyias, kev vuam feem ntau yog ua rau sab pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov workpiece, nrog rau kev yaj txaus rau sab nraub qaum kom ua tiav qhov vuam zoo. Rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem: qhov cua sov qis yuav ua rau kev sib xyaw tsis tiav ntawm sab nraub qaum; qhov cua sov siab, thaum ua kom nkag mus rau sab nraub qaum tag nrho, yuav ua rau kub hnyiab vim yog lub zog ntawm cov hlau yaj lossis qhov dav yaj tsis sib npaug piv rau qhov tuab ntawm qhov workpiece. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab, yog tias qhov workpiece tso cai rau clamping, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv los clamp qhov workpiece thaum lub sijhawm vuam hlau nyias nyias - nias sab pem hauv ntej thiab muab lub phaj tooj liab lossis stainless-steel backing rau sab nraub qaum. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv qhov sib dhos lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm kev vuam deformation thiab zam kev tawg thermal. Thaum qhov workpiece muaj kev sib cais cua sov tsis sib xws thoob plaws thaj chaw vim yog cov laj thawj ntawm cov qauv, kev siv cov khoom siv los sib npaug cua sov kuj tseem ua tau zoo, lub hom phiaj yog tsim cov welds nrog qhov ntev sib xws ntawm ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraub qaum.
Kev Xaiv Cov Kev Ntsuas Vuam
Feem ntau, cov kev teeb tsa laser vuam suav nrog lub zog laser, qhov dav ntawm lub laser pulse, qhov defocus amount, qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam, thiab cov roj tiv thaiv.
1. Lub zog laser
Muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm lub zog laser hauv kev vuam laser. Hauv qab qhov ntsuas no, qhov tob nkag mus tob yog qhov tsis tob; thaum ncav cuag lossis dhau, qhov tob nkag mus tob ntxiv ntau heev. Plasma tsuas yog tsim thaum lub zog laser ntawm qhov workpiece tshaj qhov ntsuas, qhia txog kev vuam tob tob ruaj khov. Hauv qab qhov ntsuas, tsuas yog qhov yaj ntawm qhov chaw tshwm sim (kev vuam conduction cua sov ruaj khov). Nyob ze rau qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev tsim qhov tseem ceeb, kev nkag mus tob thiab kev vuam conduction cua sov hloov pauv, ua rau muaj cov txheej txheem tsis ruaj khov nrog kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov tob nkag mus. Lub zog laser yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua laser thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tob nkag mus ntawm vuam. Rau qhov chaw teeb tsa ruaj khov, qhov ceev ntawm lub zog laser yog proportional rau lub zog laser: lub zog siab dua ua rau qhov tob nkag mus tob thiab qhov ceev vuam. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev kub hnyiab ntawm lub pas dej molten, ua rau qhov dav ntawm vuam thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov (HAZ), thiab ua rau muaj ntau qhov spatter, uas yuav ua rau lub lens vuam tsis huv. Nrog lub zog siab, txheej saum npoo tuaj yeem raug cua sov rau qhov kub thiab vaporized ntau hauv microseconds, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov khoom xws li drilling, txiav, thiab engraving. Yog tias lub zog qis dua, qhov chaw siv sijhawm milliseconds kom txog thaum npau, thiab txheej hauv qab yaj ua ntej ua pa dej ntawm qhov chaw, ua rau kev vuam sib xyaw zoo.
2. Laser Pulse Dav
Qhov dav ntawm lub laser pulse, lossis "pulse width," yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam laser pulsed. Nws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tob tob thiab HAZ: qhov dav ntawm lub pulse ntev dua ua rau HAZ nce, thiab qhov tob tob nce nrog rau cov hauv paus plaub fab ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub pulse. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov dav ntawm lub pulse ntev dua txo qhov muaj zog siab tshaj plaws, yog li lawv feem ntau siv rau kev vuam cua sov, tsim cov vuam dav, ntiav - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phaj nyias thiab tuab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj zog siab tshaj plaws qis ua rau muaj cua sov ntau dhau, thiab txhua yam khoom siv muaj qhov dav ntawm lub pulse zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov tob tob tshaj plaws.
3. Kev Xaiv Tus Nqi Defocus
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb heevlaser fusion vuamThaum qhov kev tsom mus rau saum qhov chaw ua haujlwm, qhov tob nkag mus me me, ua rau kev vuam tob tob nyuaj. Thaum qhov kev tsom mus rau hauv qab qhov chaw, lub zog ceev hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab dua li ntawm qhov chaw, txhawb kom muaj zog yaj thiab ua pa, ua rau lub zog hloov mus tob dua rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab ua rau qhov tob nkag mus ntau dua. Muaj ob hom kev tsis tsom mus rau: qhov kev tsis tsom mus rau zoo (lub dav hlau tsom mus rau saum qhov chaw ua haujlwm) thiab qhov kev tsis tsom mus rau tsis zoo (lub dav hlau tsom mus rau hauv qab qhov chaw ua haujlwm). Hauv kev xyaum, rau cov phaj tuab uas xav tau qhov tob nkag mus ntau, qhov kev tsis tsom mus rau tsis zoo siv, nrog rau qhov kev tsom mus rau laser feem ntau 1-2 hli hauv qab qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Rau cov phaj nyias nyias, qhov kev tsis tsom mus rau zoo yog qhov nyiam, nrog rau qhov kev tsom mus rau 1-1.5 hli saum qhov chaw.
4. Kev Ceev Vuam
Yog tias lwm yam kev teeb tsa kho tas, qhov tob ntawm qhov nkag mus yuav txo qis thaum qhov ceev ntawm qhov vuam nce ntxiv, thaum qhov ua tau zoo dua. Qhov ceev heev ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau nkag mus; qhov ceev qis dhau ua rau yaj ntau dhau, qhov vuam dav, HAZ kub dhau, thiab ua rau kub tawg ntau ntxiv. Hauvpulsed laser vuam, qhov ceev kuj tseem txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog pulse thiab qhov chaw xav tau sib tshooj - txhua qhov chaw pulse tom qab ntawd yuav tsum sib tshooj rau qee qhov. Yog li, rau lub zog laser thiab cov khoom siv tuab, muaj qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws, uas qhov tob tshaj plaws nkag mus tau tiav ntawm qhov ceev tshwj xeeb.
5. Cov roj tiv thaiv
Cov pa roj inert feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv lub pas dej molten thaum lub sijhawm laser vuam. Txawm hais tias qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis xav tau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev oxidation ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau cov ntawv thov ua li ntawd. Ib txwm muaj, Ar, N₂, thiab He yog siv rau kev vuam laser txhuas kom tiv thaiv kev oxidation. Hauv kev xav, He yog lub teeb tshaj plaws nrog lub zog ionization siab tshaj plaws, tab sis ntawm lub zog qis thiab qhov ceev siab, plasma tsis muaj zog, txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv tib qho xwm txheej, N₂ yooj yim dua los ua qhov tseem ceeb tsim vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic nrog Al; cov Al-NO ternary compounds ua rau muaj kev nqus laser siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, N₂ ntshiab tsim cov theem Al-N thiab cov qhov hauv cov vuam. Cov pa roj inert, ua lub teeb, khiav tawm yam tsis ua rau cov qhov hauv, ua rau cov pa roj sib xyaw ua haujlwm zoo dua. Tsis ntev los no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Al laser vuam siv Ar-O₂ thiab N₂-O₂ sib xyaw tau nce ntxiv.
6. Khoom siv nqus tau
Kev nqus cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog laser nyob ntawm cov khoom xws li kev nqus, kev cuam tshuam, kev ua kom sov, qhov kub yaj, thiab qhov kub evaporation, nrog rau kev nqus yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev nqus suav nrog:
Hluav taws xob resistivity: Rau cov nplaim polished, absorptivity yog proportional rau cov hauv paus plaub fab ntawm resistivity, uas hloov pauv nrog kub.
Qhov chaw nto: Muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev nqus thiab yog li ntawd cov txiaj ntsig vuam.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv thiab Cov Kev Txwv rau Kev Siv Tes Ua Fiber Laser Welding
1. Tsis txhob siv hluav taws xob Arc
Cov tshuab fiber laser welders uas siv tes uasiv cov lasers fiber class 4 uas tso tawm (1080 ± 3) nm nrog lub zog tso zis tshaj 1000W (nyob ntawm tus qauv). Kev raug ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag lossis daim tawv nqaij puas tsuaj. Txawm hais tias tsis pom, lub teeb tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau retina lossis cornea. Ib txwm hnav cov tsom iav laser uas tau ntawv pov thawj thaum lub laser ua haujlwm. Tsis txhob saib ncaj qha rau lub taub hau tso zis thaum lub laser qhib, txawm tias muaj cov tsom iav.
2. Kev Teeb tsa Cov Kev Ntsuas Vuam
Teem lub zog laser qis rau ntawm lub vijtsam kov (raws li qhia hauv Daim Duab 8-2). Muab lub taub hau vuam lub taub hau tooj liab tso rau ntawm qhov workpiece thiab nias lub qhov hloov teeb kom tso laser rau kev vuam. Cov kev cai ib txwm muaj: zaus laser 5000Hz, galvanometer ceev 300–600, roj qeeb >100ms, 100% lub voj voog ua haujlwm rau kev tso tawm tas mus li. Kho qhov dav vuam raws li qhov sib dhos sib dhos; lub zog tuaj yeem hloov kho tau los ntawm 0–1000W (0–100% ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws). Tom qab nkag mus rau cov kev cai, nyem "OK" thiab txuag rau qhov chaw teeb tsa kom ua haujlwm.
4. Tsis txhob ua kom Vuam Ceev Dhau Dhau
Cov vuam yog tsim los ntawm kev txav lub laser qhov chaw (saib Daim Duab 8-3). Qhov tob thiab dav nyob ntawm qhov ceev thiab lub zog, nrog rau qhov ceev ib txwm ntawm 1–3 m/min, tsim cov nplaim du, tsis muaj nplai nrog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib piv <1. Rau qhov tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob ruaj khov, kev hloov pauv qhov ceev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov nkag ntawm cua sov, hloov pauv qhov nkag thiab qhov dav. Qhov ceev siab dhau ua rau tsis muaj cua sov txaus, ua rau qhov nkag tsawg dua, qhov dav nqaim, txiav qis, qhov hws, thiab qhov nkag tsis tiav.
Kev ntxuav tshuab: Siv cov txhuam hlau tsis xeb lossis lub log pneumatic kom tshem tawm cov oxides kom txog thaum ua tiav dawb ci. Vuam tam sim ntawd tom qab txhuam; rov txhuam dua yog tias kev vuam qeeb dua 36 teev.
Kev ntxuav tshuaj lom neeg: Tshem tawm cov oxides siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv). Rooj 8-3 teev cov txheej txheem ntxuav tshuaj rau cov hlau txhuas. Tshem tawm cov roj/hmoov av nrog cov kuab tshuaj organic (roj av, isopropyl cawv) los ntawm kev ntub, so, thiab ziab.
5. Txo qhov porosity
Cov qhov hws hydrogen feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv kev vuam laser aluminium alloy. Txo lawv los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm qhov chaw, roj, thiab oxides. Ntev lub sijhawm txias ntawm lub pas dej molten (los ntawm kev nce qhov dav ntawm lub zog) pab cov pa roj tawm, vim tias lub voj voog thermal ceev ntawm laser vuam txwv tsis pub cov pa roj tawm. Tsis txhob tsom mus rau qhov chaw lossis qhov chaw tsis zoo, qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub pas dej molten thiab cov pa roj ua rau cov porosity nce ntxiv; siv lub zog mos dua los ntawm kev kho qhov tsis zoo kom txo qhov vaporization.
6. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tuav lub teeb
Cov teeb laser uas siv tes tuav (saib Daim Duab 8-4) hnyav dua li cov teeb TIG thiab muaj cov xov hlau tuab, ua rau tus neeg teb xov tooj qaug zog. Yog xav vuam ntev, tuav lub teeb nrog ob txhais tes, khaws lub nozzle kom sib cuag nrog cov khoom ua haujlwm, pom qhov vuam sib dhos, thiab rub lub teeb kom ruaj khov mus rau koj tus kheej. Kho qhov kev sawv ntsug raws li qhov chaw vuam kom txo qis kev qaug zog thiab suav cov pob qij txha.
7. Tiv thaiv kev raug mob los ntawm Laser
Kev siv tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj xwm txheej. Ua raws li cov cai no:
Tsis txhob ntsia lub taub hau laser thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Tsis txhob sivcov laser fiber ntaunyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus ntuj / tsaus ntuj.
Tsis txhob tsom lub teeb rau tib neeg thaum lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm.
Siv cov hlau thaiv tsis pub dhau 3m ntawm thaj chaw vuam.
Txwv tsis pub cov neeg ua haujlwm nkag mus rau thaj chaw vuam tsuas yog.
Hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv (cov tsom iav uas tau ntawv pov thawj, lub ntsej muag, thiab hnab looj tes). Tsis txhob ntsia lub taub hau thaum lub laser tseem qhib, txawm tias koj muaj tsom iav los xij.
Ua tib zoo tuav lub teeb thiab txoj hlua (yam tsawg kawg nkaus khoov vojvoog > 200mm).
Tua lub khawm laser emission thaum tsis siv.
Xyuas kom lub nozzle zoo rau kev tiv thaiv roj zoo:
Cov phab ntsa sab hauv du, sib xyaw nrog lub laser.
Hloov cov nozzles uas puas lawm sai sai kom lub teeb txav tau ruaj khov.
Qhov loj ntawm lub qhov (saib Daim Duab 8-6) cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam: qhov loj dua ua rau cov pa roj ntws ntau ntxiv, ua kom cov khoom khov sai dua thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm porosity/cracking.
8. Tsis txhob siv kev kub ceev rau cov hlau sib xyaw uas tawg yooj yim
Kev siv tes ua laser vuamsiv cov teeb galvanometer uas tsis muaj hlau, tsis muaj hlau, thiab tsis txav tau. Kev kub ceev txo qhov nkag mus, ua rau cov vuam nqaim, ua rau tsis txiav, thiab cuam tshuam kev npog roj, ua rau kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo. Siv kev kub ceev qis dua rau cov hlau uas rhiab heev rau qhov tawg.
9. Xyuas kom zoo sib koom ua ke
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab kev vuam tsis siv hlau yuav ua rau kub hnyiab, muaj qhov tawg, lossis muaj qhov tawg. Vuam tas li kom txo qhov nres; yog tias qhov nres tsis tuaj yeem zam tau (piv txwv li, kev hloov chaw, kev vuam sib cais), qeeb me ntsis (10mm) ua ntej nres kom tiv thaiv cov qhov tawg. Rov pib dua 20mm tom qab qhov tawg ua ntej kom sib tshooj thiab zoo.
10.Ua raws li Kev Txav Teeb Kom Zoo
Rub lub teeb mus rau koj tus kheej (los ntawm deb mus rau ze) yam tsis muaj kev co ntawm sab. Tswj qhov ceev kom ruaj khov thaum saib xyuas kev tsim cov vuam sib xws. Rau kev vuam ntsug, siv kev mus rau hauv qab (tsis yog mus rau saum toj) kom siv zog ua kom khov sai thiab xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev txav mus los ruaj khov.
11. Tsis txhob txiav cov hlau me me, cov hlau me me, thiab cov hlau sib txuas ua ke
Rau cov vuam lap, kho lub kaum sab xis laser kom lub galvanometer npog 2/3 ntawm lub phaj ntsug (saib Daim Duab 8-7). Qhov no yaj lub phaj ntsug (ua cov khoom sau) thiab 1/3 ntawm lub phaj hauv paus los ntawm kev xa cua sov, tsim cov vuam loj txaus tom qab txias. Cov vuam lap tsis zoo ua rau lub zog sib koom ua tsis muaj zog, txo qhov tsis kam tawg, lossis ua rau cov qauv tsis ua haujlwm - zam kev txiav qis.
12. Txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Aluminium Alloy Vuam
Aluminium cuam tshuam 60–98% ntawm lub zog laser. Kev cuam tshuam poob qis ntawm qhov chaw yaj thiab ruaj khov thaum yaj. Kev nqus dej txo qis nrog lub kaum sab xis nce ntxiv; qhov nqus siab tshaj plaws tshwm sim ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ib txwm (kho kom haum rau kev tiv thaiv lens). Txo qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov oxides ntawm kev ntxuav tshuab / tshuaj lom neeg.
13. Kev Siv Roj Tiv Thaiv Kom Zoo
Cov pa roj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov vuam, kev nkag mus, thiab qhov dav. Feem ntau cov pa roj txhim kho qhov zoo tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo:
Ar: Lub zog ionization qis, kev tsim plasma siab (txo qhov ua haujlwm ntawm laser) tab sis inert, pheej yig, thiab ntom - zoo npog lub pas dej molten (zoo tagnrho rau kev siv dav dav).
N₂: Lub zog ionization nruab nrab (txo cov plasma zoo dua li Ar), tab sis nws cuam tshuam nrog txhuas/carbon hlau los tsim cov nitrides brittle, txo qhov tawv (tsis pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv no). Haum rau cov hlau stainless, qhov twg nitrides ua rau lub zog ntxiv.
14. Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Roj Ntws Tus Nqi
Cov pa roj raug tso tawm los ntawm lub nozzle ntawm qhov siab tshwj xeeb. Lub nozzle txoj kev tsim hydrodynamic thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb: loj txaus los npog qhov vuam, tab sis txwv kom tiv thaiv kev ntws tsis zoo (uas rub cua thiab ua rau porosity). Rau kev vuam laser tes, tus nqi ntws ib txwm yog 7L / min. Kev ntws ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov pa phem nkag mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua kua, ua rau cov pa roj tsis huv - xaiv tus nqi ntws kom raug.
15. Qhov Chaw Ua Kom Pom Kev Laser
Qhov chaw tsom mus rau: Qhov chaw me tshaj plaws, lub zog siab tshaj plaws—siv rauqhov chaw vuamlossis tsis muaj zog, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov loj me me (saib Daim Duab 8-8).
Tsis pom kev tsis meej: Qhov chaw loj dua (nce ntxiv thaum nrug ntawm qhov pom) - tsim nyog rau kev vuam txuas ntxiv mus tob thiab kev vuam qhov chaw tob.
Qhov tsis pom tseeb zoo: Qhov chaw loj dua (nce ntxiv thaum nrug ntawm qhov pom tseeb) - tsim nyog rau kev kaw qhov chaw lossis kev vuam txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov tob.
Kev tswj hwm rau kev vuam nkag mus tag nrho: Kev hloov xim me ntsis ntawm sab nraub qaum qhia tau tias zoo; cov cim pom tseeb / nkag mus ua rau muaj cov kab tawg lossis cov kab sib sib zog nqus hauv kev vuam tas mus li. Kho qhov kev tsom mus rau, lub zog, thiab cov nthwv dej raws li cov qauv. Siv cov chaw me me rau cov ntaub ntawv nyias dua kom tsis txhob hlawv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-21-2025
