Kev Vuam Laser - Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Kev Ntsuas Oscillation rau Hom Nplhaib Kho Tau (ARM) Kev Vuam Laser ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium

Kev Vuam Laser - Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Kev Ntsuas Oscillation rau Hom Nplhaib Kho Tau (ARM) Kev Vuam Laser ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium

1. Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tshawb nrhiav cov teebmeem ntawm qhov oscillation amplitude thiab zaus ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, macro thiab microstructures, thiab porosity ntawm adjustable ring mode (ARM)laser oscillating weldedA5083 cov phaj txhuas hlau. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias nrog kev nce ntawm qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm oscillation, qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw vuam tau zoo dua. Thaum qhov loj thiab zaus nce ntxiv, qhov seem ntawm qhov vuam hloov pauv los ntawm lub "goblet" zoo li mus rau lub "crescent" zoo li. Kev tshuaj xyuas microstructural qhia tau hais tias qhov loj ntawm cov hlau vuam tsis txo qis nrog kev nce ntawm qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm oscillation vim yog kev sib tw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev txo qis ntawm qhov txias. Qhov porosity ntawm qhov vuam txo qis nrog kev nce ntawm cov kev teeb tsa oscillation, mus txog qhov kawg porosity ntawm 0.22% thaum qhov loj thiab zaus yog 2 hli. Peb-dimensional X-ray tomography ntxiv lees paub qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oscillation rau kev faib tawm ntawm qhov: qhov loj thiab zaus feem ntau sib sau ua ke tom qab ntawm lub pas dej molten, thaum cov qhov me me qhia tau tias muaj qhov sib xws zoo dua. Kev tshawb fawb no muab cov kev nkag siab zoo rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov kev teeb tsa oscillation kom ua tiav qhov zoo laser vuam hauv A5083 txhuas hlau daim ntawv thov.

2 Keeb Kwm Kev Lag Luam

Cov hlau txhuas muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov hnyav sib dua, lub zog tshwj xeeb siab, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, thiab siv dav hauv tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev, aerospace thiab lwm yam lag luam. Laser vuam muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov me me, thiab kev vuam deformation me me. Yog li ntawd,laser vuam yog ib txoj kev vuam pheej yig uas haum rau cov phaj tuab, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov ntau ntawm cov vuam hla. Porosity yog qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb hauv laser vuam ntawm cov hlau txhuas, uas cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntau yam tau ua los txo thiab tshem tawm cov porosity tsim, suav nrog kev ua kom zoo dua cov roj shielding, siv cov thev naus laus zis dual-beam, siv cov tshuab fais fab laser modulated, thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem oscillating beam. Laser oscillating welding technology sawv tawm rau nws lub peev xwm los ua ke cov txiaj ntsig ntawm laser vuam nrog nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Kev siv laser oscillating welding tsis tsuas yog txo cov porosity tab sis kuj txhim kho microstructure ntawm weld thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm weld. Ntau ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau ntau yam ntawm laser oscillating welding, suav nrog kev txo porosity, kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev faib hluav taws xob, kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv noob, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov dej ntws hauv lub pas dej molten. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub zog laser ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev faib tawm kub thiab qhov tob ntawm laser vuam. Ntawm qee qhov oscillation amplitude, nrog rau kev nce ntawm scanning zaus, cov txheej txheem vuam hloov pauv los ntawm kev vuam tob mus rau kev vuam tsis ruaj khov, thiab thaum kawg mus rau kev vuam conduction cua sov. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias kev nce qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm kev luam theej duab tuaj yeem txo qhov porosity, tab sis kuj tseem txo qhov tob ntawm qhov vuam, yog li txo cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm qhov vuam. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ib lub laser hloov kho lub nplhaib hom (ARM) tau tsim, uas faib lub zog laser mus rau hauv lub hauv paus nrog lub zog siab thiab lub nplhaib nrog lub zog qis, lub hom phiaj los tswj lub qhov tseem ceeb thiab txhim kho qhov vuam zoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv ARM laser oscillating vuam los vuam 6xxx lub zog siab aluminium alloys nyob rau hauv ntau lub hauv paus / nplhaib zog piv thiab oscillation dav. Cov txiaj ntsig sim qhia tau tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau qhov geometry weld yog qhov dav oscillation, es tsis yog lub hauv paus-ntiv nplhaib zog piv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov faib pore thiab nws cov txheej txheem inhibition nyob rau hauv superposition ntawm oscillation thiab ARM laser tsis tau kawm. Hauv daim ntawv no, ib qho tshiab ARM laser oscillating vuam tshuab tau txais yuav los txo qhov porosity ntawm qhov vuam, tau txais qhov tob nkag siab dua thiab zoo dua weld zoo. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev faib hluav taws xob laser, tus cwj pwm dynamic molten, thiab microstructure nyob rau hauv ntau yam oscillation zaus thiab amplitudes tau ua tiav.

3. Cov Hom Phiaj thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Sim

Cov thev naus laus zis vuam siv laser oscillating tau siv los vuam cov hlau txhuas. Cov khoom siv hauv paus (BM) yog 5083-O txhuas hlau nrog qhov ntev ntawm 300mm × 100mm × 5mm (ntev × dav × tuab), thiab nws cov tshuaj lom neeg tau qhia hauv lub rooj. Ua ntej vuam, cov qauv tau polished kom tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis oxide ntawm qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog acetone hauv lub dab dej ultrasonic rau 15 feeb kom tshem tawm cov roj ntawm qhov chaw. Lublaser vuam tshuabfeem ntau muaj Kuka robot, TruDisk 8001 disk laser, thiab 3D PFO galvanometer scanner. Lub TruDisk 8001 disk laser tau siv ua qhov chaw laser hom nplhaib hloov kho tau, nrog rau qhov sib piv ntawm cov tub ntxhais/nplhaib fiber ntawm 100/400 μm thiab lub zog tso zis siab tshaj plaws ntawm 8 kW (wavelength ntawm 1030 nm, beam quality parameter ntawm 4.0 mm·rad). Lub teeb laser yog tsim los ntawm ib feem tseem ceeb thiab ib feem nplhaib, qhov twg lub laser hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tsim lub qhov tseem ceeb (60% ntawm lub zog laser), thiab lub laser hauv qhov chaw nplhaib ua kom muaj kev faib tawm kub zoo (40% ntawm lub zog laser), raws li pom hauv Daim Duab (b). Qhov ntev ntawm lub collimator thiab lub lens tsom yog 138 mm thiab 450 mm, raws li. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, lub koob yees duab Phantom V1840 ceev ceev thiab lub teeb Cavilux siab zaus tau siv los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem vuam hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, nrog rau qhov ceev tua ntawm 5000 fps thiab lub sijhawm raug ntawm 1 μs. Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, txoj kev oscillation ntawm lub teeb voj voog, txoj kev txav mus los ntawm laser, thiab qhov ceev tam sim ntawd tau txhais raws li pom hauv daim duab.

4 Cov Txiaj Ntsig thiab Kev Sib Tham

4.1 Cov Yam Ntxwv ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas hauv qab ntau hom laser oscillation tau qhia hauv daim duab. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim yog ntxhib (roughness ntawm 78.01 μm), nrog rau kev sib txuas tsis zoo ntawm cov ripples ntawm qhov sib txuas thiab tsis txaus ntawm qhov sib txuas. Kev tsim qhov sib txuas tsis txaus, kev tawg loj heev, thiab kev txiav hauv qab kuj tau pom. Nrog rau kev nce ntawm qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm oscillation, qhov chaw sib txuas ua rau muaj cov nplai ntses ntom thiab sib xws. Qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas nrog qhov loj ntawm oscillation ntawm 0.5 hli, 1 hli, thiab 2 hli yog 80.71 μm, 49.63 μm, thiab 31.12 μm, raws li. Tsis muaj qhov tsis sib xws lossis kev tawm los ntawm kev tawg. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias qhov zaus oscillation siab dua ua rau muaj cov dej ntws tsis tu ncua, muaj zog dua ntawm lub teeb laser, thiab qhov chaw sib txuas zoo dua. Lub hauv paus, cov duab ntawm lub teeb laser yog qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev txav ntawm lub teeb laser. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm oscillation hloov pauv qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam, yog li ntawd cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm lub zog linear thiab tag nrho cov cua sov nkag ntawm lub laser. Cov duab ntawm qhov vuam yog "goblet"-zoo li, muaj ob ntu: qhov qis dua yog "stem", thiab qhov sab saud yog "bowl". Qhov tob nkag thiab "stem" yog txhais tias yog H1 thiab H2, raws li, thiab qhov dav ntawm qhov vuam ("bowl") thiab "stem" yog txhais tias yog W1 thiab W2, raws li. Ob qho tib si qhov dav ntawm weld W1 thiab W2 nce synchronously nrog qhov nce ntawm oscillation amplitude, thiab qhov morphology ntawm weld maj mam hloov pauv ntawm "goblet" zoo li mus rau "crescent" zoo li. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog laser tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib tshooj trajectory. Piv rau cov duab (b, d) thiab (c, e), nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov nce ntawm qhov zaus scanning yuav ua rau thaj chaw sib tshooj trajectory nce ntxiv raws txoj kev scanning, ua rau lub zog laser faib ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txo qis ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog yuav ua rau qhov tob ntawm weld txo qis.

4.2 Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj kom meej meej txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev luam theej duab rau tus cwj pwm ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj, lub koob yees duab ceev ceev tau siv los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj thiab lub qhov tseem ceeb. Daim duab (a) qhia txog cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem oscillation sib txawv. Nrog rau kev nce ntawm zaus oscillation thiab amplitude, qhov tom qab ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj yuav ua rau ntau dua vim yog kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj. Raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj nce ntxiv, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw ua los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb txo qis thaum lub sijhawm rov qab mus rau sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau ua los ntawm cov kua dej yaj khov kho thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj, tsim cov nplai ntses sib npaug thiab tuab. Daim duab qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw qhib qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser, uas yog los ntawm cov duab thaij duab ceev ceev ntawm lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov dej yaj. Raws li pom hauv Daim duab (a), thaum lub sijhawm vuam ncaj qha, qhov loj me ntawm qhov qhib qhov tseem ceeb qhia txog kev hloov pauv pom tseeb. Muaj ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm kev kaw qhov keyhole (0 mm²), nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov qhib qhov keyhole ntawm 0.47 mm². Qhov nce ntawm qhov oscillation amplitude kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev hloov pauv thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov. Qhov no yog vim tias hauv kev vuam oscillating, feem ntau ntawm lub zog raug faib rau ob sab. Yog li ntawd, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov keyhole nthuav dav, thiab qhov oscillation amplitude nce, yog li ua rau thaj chaw qhib ntau ntxiv. Qhov nce ntawm amplitude nthuav dav qhov ntau ntawm cov teeb laser, ua rau qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm qhov keyhole txoj kev txav mus los tas li. Vim yog qhov viscosity ntawm cov hlau molten thiab lub siab hydrodynamic ua haujlwm ze ntawm phab ntsa keyhole, eddy tam sim no txav mus los tshwm sim hauv lub pas dej molten vuam ze ntawm qhov qhib qhov keyhole. Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw qhib qhov keyhole txhim kho nws qhov ruaj khov, zam kev tsim cov npuas, thiab yog li ntawd inhibits porosity.

4.3 Microstructure Daim duab qhia txog EBSD morphology ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm qhov vuam nyob rau hauv ntau zaus oscillation thiab amplitudes. Nyob ze ntawm txoj kab fusion ntawm laser weld, cov noob dendrite columnar loj hlob mus rau qhov chaw vuam. Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab (a), ntawm thaj chaw "bowl" thiab "stem", qhov sib txawv pom tseeb hauv kev faib cov noob columnar tuaj yeem pom. Cov noob columnar raug faib ua U-puab raws phab ntsa "bowl", thaum nyob hauv thaj chaw "stem", cov noob columnar raug faib ua U-puab raws txoj kab fusion. Thaum lub sijhawm khov ntawm qhov vuam, cov noob solidified ib feem hauv thaj chaw fusion ua haujlwm ua qhov chaw nucleation rau pem hauv ntej solidification thiab feem ntau loj hlob perpendicular rau ciam teb pas dej molten raws li kev coj ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws gradient. Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim vim tias lub zog ceev ntawm lub laser ua rau overheating hauv lub pas dej vuam. Qhov siab dua thermal gradient G thiab nruab nrab kev loj hlob R ua rau G / R ntau dua qhov txwv rau kev hloov pauv microstructure, ua rau muaj cov noob columnar. Qhov kub thiab txias G ntawm qhov chaw vuam txo qis, ua rau qhov sib piv G/R maj mam poob qis dua qhov microstructure transformation threshold, hloov mus rau cov noob sib npaug. Cov noob sib npaug nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob qho tib si "tais" thiab "qia". Txij li thaum "qia" ntawm qhov vuam yog nqaim thiab ze rau cov khoom siv hauv paus, nws khov tag ua ntej thaj chaw "tais" thaum lub sijhawm txias. Qhov "qia" uas khov ua haujlwm ua qhov chaw nucleation ntawm qab ntawm "tais", txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob columnar. Daim duab qhia txog cov txheej txheem vuam kab ncaj thiab oscillating. Nws tau qhia tias kev hloov pauv tas mus li ntawm txoj haujlwm laser beam hauv laser oscillating vuam yuav ua rau qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej nruab nrab molten, rov yaj cov hlau uas twb khov lawm, ua rau txo qis hauv qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob r. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv G/R hauv thaj chaw noob sib npaug qis dua.

4.4 Kev Faib Tawm Qhov Porosity Kev thaij duab X-ray peb-seem tau siv los ua kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm qhov vuam, tau txais qhov faib tawm peb-seem ntawm cov qhov hauv qhov vuam, raws li pom hauv daim duab. Porosity yog suav ua qhov ntim tag nrho ntawm cov qhov faib faib los ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm qhov vuam. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov qauv pore thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab ncaj laser oscillating welds thiab cov voj voog laser oscillating welds, nws pom tias cov kab ncaj laser oscillating welds muaj cov qhov loj dua, nrog rau porosity ntawm 2.49%, uas yog siab dua li ntawm cov voj vooglaser oscillating weldsLos ntawm kev sib piv cov duab (b, c) thiab (d, e), nws tuaj yeem pom tias kev nce qhov zaus oscillation pab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov qhov hws. Kev sib piv cov duab (b, d) thiab (c, e), nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov nce ntawm qhov oscillation amplitude kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tsim cov qhov hws. Thaum qhov oscillation amplitude nce ntxiv mus rau 2 hli (Daim duab (f)), qhov porosity raug txo qis ntxiv mus rau 0.22%, tsuas yog me me thiab me me xwb. Daim duab qhia txog qhov faib ntawm thaj chaw pore ntawm qhov deb sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw vuam, sawv cev rau qhov porosity raws li qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw pore. Rau kev vuam kab ncaj, thaj chaw pore raug faib sib npaug raws li qhov chaw vuam, thiab maj mam txo qis nrog kev nce ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias qhov keyhole-induced pores feem ntau yog concentrated tom qab lub pas dej molten ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Rau laser oscillating welding, qhov symmetry ntawm qhov faib pore ua qaug zog. Daim duab qhia thaj chaw qhov hws ntawm qhov deb sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw vuam, qhov twg kab liab sawv cev rau ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw "tais" thiab "qia". Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qhov hws loj (Cov Duab (ac)), thaj chaw qhov hws saum ciam teb suav nrog ntau dua 85%. Qhov no yog vim qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ciam teb itudinal yuav ntes cov npuas hauv pas dej vuam, thiab cov npuas ntes feem ntau yuav tsiv mus rau sab saud raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm buoyancy. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qhov hws me me (Cov Duab (df)), cov qhov hws tau sib sau ua ke hauv thaj chaw hauv 0.5 hli hauv qab kab ciam teb. Lub sijhawm txias luv luv thiab kev hloov pauv me me mus rau sab saud yuav yog cov laj thawj rau qhov xwm txheej no.

5 Cov Lus Xaus

(1) Cov hom laser oscillation sib txawv muaj cov teebmeem pom tseeb rau ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Qhov siab dua thiab zaus tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, thaum cov kev ntsuas oscillation loj dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov roughness thiab ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo.

(2) Cov duab ntawm lub vuam feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem laser oscillation, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm lub vuam, kev faib hluav taws xob, thiab tag nrho cov cua sov nkag. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov oscillation amplitude, cov qauv vuam hloov pauv ntawm "goblet" mus rau "crescent", thiab qhov piv ntawm cov duab txo qis.

(3) Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm oscillation, lub pas dej ua kom dav dua thiab sab nraub qaum ua puag ncig. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oscillation ua rau qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej ua kom ntau ntxiv, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tawm ntawm cov npuas thiab kev sib npaug. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam ncaj, thaj chaw qhib qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv; hais lus piv txwv, qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem txo qis, txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm vuam.

(4) Kev nce qhov loj thiab zaus ntawm oscillation txo qis ob qho tib si thermal gradient thiab kev loj hlob, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov noob loj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm laser stirring yog qhov zoo rau kev ua kom cov noob loj thiab txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuas laser sib txawv, qhov nyuaj ntawm weld tseem ruaj khov, qis dua me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim qhov poob ntawm magnesium.

(5) Kev thaij duab X-ray peb-seem qhia tau hais tias kev vuam kab ncaj nraim muaj porosity siab dua (2.49%) thiab qhov ntim ntawm qhov loj dua li kev vuam oscillating. Kev nce cov oscillation parameters tuaj yeem txo qhov porosity, txawm tias ncav cuag 0.22% thaum qhov amplitude yog 2 hli. Qhov faib ntawm thaj chaw pore hloov pauv nrog oscillation: qhov loj pores sib sau ua ke tom qab ntawm lub pas dej molten, thiab qhov me me pores muaj qhov sib xws zoo dua. Qhov loj pores feem ntau yog faib saum toj ntawm ciam teb ntawm "tais" thiab "qia", thaum qhov me me pores tau sib sau ua ke hauv qab ciam teb.