Mini Encyclopedia: Lub Ntsiab Cai thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Siv Laser Welding
Cov Qib Zog
Cov khoom muaj cov atoms, thiab cov atoms muaj cov nucleus thiab electrons. Cov electrons ncig ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. Lub zog ntawm cov electrons hauv ib lub atom tsis yog random.
Quantum mechanics, uas piav qhia txog lub ntiaj teb me me, qhia peb tias cov electrons nyob hauv cov theem zog ruaj khov. Cov theem zog sib txawv sib raug rau cov zog electron sib txawv: cov orbits deb ntawm lub nucleus muaj zog siab dua.
Ntxiv mus, txhua lub voj voog tuaj yeem tuav tau ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov electrons. Piv txwv li, lub voj voog qis tshaj plaws (nyob ze tshaj plaws rau lub nucleus) tuaj yeem tuav tau txog li 2 electrons, thaum lub voj voog siab dua tuaj yeem tuav tau txog li 8 electrons, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Hloov Pauv
Cov electrons tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm ib theem zog mus rau lwm qib los ntawm kev nqus lossis tso tawm zog.
Piv txwv li, thaum ib lub electron nqus tau ib lub photon, nws yuav dhia ntawm qib zog qis dua mus rau qib siab dua. Ib yam li ntawd, ib lub electron ntawm qib zog siab dua tuaj yeem poob mus rau qib qis dua los ntawm kev tso tawm ib lub photon.
Hauv cov txheej txheem no, lub zog ntawm cov photon uas nqus tau lossis tso tawm ib txwm sib npaug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm ob theem. Vim tias lub zog photon txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb, lub teeb uas nqus tau lossis tso tawm muaj xim ruaj khov.
Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Laser Generation
Kev Nqus Tau Zoo
Kev nqus tau tshwm sim thaum cov atoms nyob rau hauv lub xeev qis zog nqus cov hluav taws xob sab nraud thiab hloov mus rau lub xeev siab zog. Cov electrons tuaj yeem dhia ntawm qib qis mus rau qib siab zog los ntawm kev nqus cov photons.
Kev Tso Tawm Uas Txhawb Nqa
Kev tso tawm uas raug txhawb txhais tau tias cov electrons ntawm qib zog siab, nyob rau hauv "kev txhawb nqa" lossis "kev coj mus" ntawm photon, hloov mus rau qib zog qis thiab tso tawm photon nrog tib lub zaus li cov photon tshwm sim.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso tawm uas raug txhawb nqa yog tias cov photon tsim tawm zoo ib yam li thawj: tib lub zaus, tib qho kev taw qhia, thiab tsis sib txawv kiag li. Ua li no, ib lub photon dhau los ua ob lub photons zoo ib yam los ntawm ib qho txheej txheem tso tawm uas raug txhawb nqa. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub teeb tau muaj zog lossis nthuav dav - lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim laser.
Kev Tso Tawm Sai Sai
Kev tso tawm sai sai tshwm sim thaum cov electrons ntawm qib zog siab poob rau qib qis dua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud, tso tawm lub teeb (hluav taws xob electromagnetic) thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Lub zog photon yog E = E2 - E1, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm ob qib.
Cov xwm txheej rau Laser Generation
Laser Gain Medium
Kev tsim laser xav tau ib qho nruab nrab uas tsim nyog, uas tuaj yeem yog roj, kua, khoom khov, lossis semiconductor. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom ua tiav cov pejxeem inversion hauv nruab nrab, ib qho xwm txheej tsim nyog rau cov zis laser. Cov theem zog Metastable yog qhov zoo heev rau cov pejxeem inversion.
Qhov Chaw Twj Tso Kua Mis
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem, lub kaw lus atomic yuav tsum tau zoo siab kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm qib zog siab dua.
Cov txheej txheem feem ntau muaj xws li:
- Kev siv hluav taws xob: kev tso pa roj tawm siv cov hluav taws xob muaj zog siab
- Kev siv lub zog optical: kev siv lub teeb ci ntsa iab los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo
- Kev siv thermal pumping, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam.
Cov txheej txheem no hu ua kev twj tso kua mis. Kev twj tso kua mis tas mus li yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj ntau cov khoom me me ntawm qib siab dua li ntawm qib qis dua rau qhov tso zis laser ruaj khov.
Resonator
Yog tias muaj qhov nruab nrab nce thiab qhov chaw nqus dej uas tsim nyog, ces yuav ua tau kom muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem, tab sis qhov muaj zog ntawm kev tso tawm uas raug txhawb nqa tsis muaj zog txaus rau kev siv tiag tiag. Yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, uas yog muab los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag.
Ib lub tshuab resonator optical muaj ob daim iav uas ci ntsa iab heev uas muab tso rau sib luag ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub laser:
- Ib daim iav reflection tag nrho
- Ib daim iav reflection ib nrab & daim iav kis tau ib nrab
Daim iav uas ci tag nrho yuav ci tag nrho cov teeb uas ci rov qab mus rau nws txoj kev qub. Daim iav uas ci ib nrab yuav ci cov photons uas nyob hauv qab ib qho zog rov qab mus rau hauv nruab nrab, thaum cov photons uas nyob saum qhov zog yuav ci tawm ua lub teeb laser uas loj dua.
Lub teeb oscillates rov qab thiab tawm hauv lub resonator, ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov pa tawm, ua kom loj dua zoo li avalanche los tsim cov zis laser siab.
Lub Teeb Twj Tso Kua Mis Yog Dab Tsi?
Lub teeb xenon yog lub teeb tso pa roj inert, feem ntau yog lub raj ncaj. Feem ntau nws muaj cov electrodes, lub raj quartz, thiab cov roj xenon (Xe) uas puv.
Cov electrodes yog ua los ntawm cov hlau uas muaj qhov kub siab, ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob, thiab tsis tshua muaj sputtering. Lub raj teeb yog ua los ntawm cov iav quartz uas muaj zog heev, tiv taus kub thiab xa hluav taws xob tau zoo, thiab muaj roj xenon puv.
Dab tsi yog Nd: YAG Laser Rods?
Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) yog cov khoom siv laser khov kho uas siv ntau tshaj plaws.
YAG yog ib lub siv lead ua cubic uas muaj qhov nyuaj siab, zoo heev rau kev pom, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm thermal siab. Cov ions neodymium trivalent hloov qee cov ions yttrium trivalent hauv lub lattice siv lead ua, yog li ntawd lub npe neodymium-doped yttrium txhuas garnet.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Laser
Kev sib raug zoo
Lub teeb los ntawm cov chaw ib txwm muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev taw qhia, theem, thiab lub sijhawm, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau ib qho chaw txawm tias siv lub lens los xij.
Lub teeb laser muaj qhov sib xws heev: nws muaj lub zaus ntshiab, nthuav dav mus rau tib qho kev taw qhia hauv theem zoo meej, thiab tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov chaw me me nrog lub zog siab heev.
Kev Taw Qhia Zoo Kawg Nkaus
Laser muaj kev taw qhia zoo dua li lwm lub teeb ci, ua haujlwm zoo li lub teeb sib luag. Txawm tias thaum tsom mus rau lub hli (kwv yees li 384,000 km deb), qhov chaw tsuas yog li 2 km xwb.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo
Lub teeb laser los ntawm kev tso tawm muaj qhov zaus nqaim heev. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, laser muaj monochromaticity zoo heev - nws "xim" yog qhov dawb huv heev. Monochromaticity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov ua laser.
Kev Ci Nkaus Siab
Kev vuam laser siv qhov kev taw qhia zoo heev thiab lub zog ceev ntawm cov teeb laser. Lub laser raug tsom mus rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me los ntawm lub kaw lus kho qhov muag, tsim cov cua sov uas muaj zog heev hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, yaj cov khoom thiab tsim cov qhov vuam thiab cov seams ruaj khov.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Laser Vuam
Piv nrog rau lwm txoj kev vuam, laser vuam muaj:
- Muaj zog ntau, vuam zoo, raug siab, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm qhov tob thiab qhov dav ntawm cov vuam.
- Cov cua sov tsawg, thaj chaw me me uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov, kev ntxhov siab tsawg kawg nkaus thiab kev hloov pauv.
- Kev vuam tsis sib cuag, kev sib kis fiber-optic yooj ywm, kev nkag tau zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.
- Kev tsim cov pob qij txha yooj ywm, txuag cov khoom siv raw.
- Lub zog tswj tau meej, cov txiaj ntsig vuam ruaj khov, thiab qhov zoo nkauj ntawm vuam.
Cov Txheej Txheem Laser Vuam Rau Cov Khoom Siv Hlau
Hlau tsis xeb
- Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov pulses square-wave dog dig.
- Tsim cov pob qij txha kom cov qhov vuam tsis txhob nkag mus rau cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau.
- Khaws qhov chaw vuam thiab qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm kom txaus rau lub zog thiab qhov zoo nkauj.
- Xyuas kom meej tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm huv si thiab qhuav thaum lub sijhawm vuam.
Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium
- Kev cuam tshuam siab xav tau lub zog laser siab.
- Yooj yim tawg thaum lub sijhawm vuam vuam, ua rau lub zog txo qis.
- Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg; siv cov khoom siv raw zoo.
- Cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua nrog qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov dav ntawm lub zog ntev.
Tooj Liab & Tooj Liab Alloys
- Muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li txhuas; xav tau lub zog laser siab dua.
- Lub taub hau laser yuav tsum tau tilted ntawm lub kaum sab xis.
- Cov hlau tooj liab (tooj dag, cupronickel, thiab lwm yam) nyuaj dua rau vuam vim yog cov khoom sib xyaw; kev xaiv cov txheej txheem ceev faj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov Kev Tsis Zoo Feem Ntau Hauv Laser Welding & Solutions
Cov kev ntsuas tsis raug lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis raug feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev vuam, suav nrog:
- Kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw
- Sab hauv weld porosity
- Cov kab nrib pleb ntawm vuam
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev vuam
Cov dej ntws los ntawm vuam
Cov spatter feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog laser siab dhau: qhov workpiece nqus tau lub zog ntau dhau hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, ua rau cov khoom siv vaporization hnyav thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv molten loj heev.
Cov spatter ua rau puas tsuaj rau qhov tsos, qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib dhos, thiab lub zog vuam.
Ua rau
- Lub zog laser siab heev.
- Cov duab nthwv dej vuam tsis tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam siab.
- Kev sib cais cov khoom ua rau muaj kev nqus hluav taws xob siab hauv zos.
- Kev ua qias tuaj lossis cov khoom tsis huv uas tsis yog hlau rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
- Cov tshuaj uas yaj qis ntawm lossis hauv qab cov khoom ua haujlwm, tsim cov pa roj thaum lub sijhawm vuam.
- Cov qauv khoob kaw ua rau cov pa roj nthuav dav thiab tawg.
Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem
- Txhim kho cov kev teeb tsa: txo qhov muaj zog siab tshaj plaws lossis siv cov qauv nthwv dej loj.
- Siv cov khoom siv raw uas tsim nyog, zoo.
- Ua kom muaj zog ua ntej vuam kom tshem tawm cov roj thiab cov khoom tsis huv.
- Txhim kho qhov tsim qauv vuam.
Qhov Porosity Sab Hauv
Qhov porosity yog qhov tsis zoo uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev vuam laser. Lub voj voog thermal ceev thiab lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov pas dej yaj tiv thaiv cov pa roj kom tsis txhob tawm mus, ua rau muaj qhov pores.
Cov hom feem ntau: cov qhov hydrogen, cov qhov carbon monoxide, thiab cov qhov keyhole collapse.
Cov kab nrib pleb ntawm kev vuam
Cov kab nrib pleb ua rau lub zog vuam thiab lub neej ua haujlwm txo qis. Kev vuam laser kub thiab txias sai ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg.
Feem ntau cov kab nrib pleb laser vuam yog cov kab nrib pleb kub, uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau txhuas thiab cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon / cov hlau uas muaj cov hlau ntau.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
- Rau cov ntaub ntawv tawg yooj yim, ntxiv cov waveforms ua ntej thiab cov waveforms txias qeeb kom txo tau kev tawg.
- Txhim kho qhov tsim ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke kom txo tau kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev vuam.
- Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj kev tawg hauv qab kev ua tau zoo sib npaug.
Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Kev Vuam
Feem ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv nyias nyias, cov khoom ua haujlwm loj, lossis ntau qhov vuam, cuam tshuam rau kev sib dhos thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag mus tsis sib xws thiab kev nthuav dav / kev sib cog lus thermal tsis sib xws.
Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem
- Txhim kho cov kev teeb tsa kom txo cov cua sov nkag: nce lub zog siab tshaj plaws thaum txo qhov dav ntawm lub zog.
- Txo qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam thiab zaus ntawm lub zog kom txo tau cua sov ib lub sijhawm.
- Txhim kho qhov kev vuam kom zoo dua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cua sov sib xws.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-25-2026
