Kev vuam chaw yog ib txoj kev sib txuas ceev thiab pheej yig. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txuas cov khoom nyias-phaj nrog cov pob qij txha uas tsis xav tau airtightness. Muaj ntau hom kev vuam chaw, xws li kev tiv thaiv qhov chaw vuam, arc qhov chaw vuam, nplaum qhov chaw vuam,kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov chaw vuam, thiab laser qhov chaw vuam. Tam sim no, kev tiv thaiv qhov chaw vuam siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, kev lag luam tsheb, yuav tsum muaj 3,000 txog 4,000 qhov chaw vuam thaum lub sijhawm sib dhos ntawm cov khoom vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub cev tsheb, uas xav tau 250 txog 300 tus neeg hlau, nrog rau cov txheej txheem tswj hwm thiab lwm yam khoom siv pabcuam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tiv thaiv qhov chaw vuam tsis muaj kev ywj pheej. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam sai, lub voj voog hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov duab geometric thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb tau luv luv heev. Kev txhim kho cov khoom tshiab thiab cov qauv xav tau hom tshiab ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam qhov chaw uas ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab yoog tau. Yog li ntawd, laser qhov chaw vuam thev naus laus zis tau maj mam dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab xav tias yuav siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam tsheb. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, laser qhov chaw vuam kuj tseem raug sim ua lwm txoj hauv kev. Tau ntev, cov pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom aerospace feem ntau siv riveting, uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov haujlwm hnyav. Nrog rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab xws li txhuas alloys, titanium alloys, thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis vuam tshiab los hloov cov txheej txheem koom ua ke ib txwm muaj tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm xwb tab sis kuj txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim tshiab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov khoom siv aerospace. Qhov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm laser spot welding muab nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim khoom siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev lag luam aviation, qhov twg nws tuaj yeem hloov cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj xws li kev tiv thaiv spot welding thiab riveting.
I. Lub ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Laser Spot Welding
Kev Txhais Lus
Laser qhov chaw vuam yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yaj thiab koom ua ke cov khoom siv siv ib lub laser pulse (t > 1ms) lossis ntau lub laser pulses ntawm tib qho chaw.
Laser qhov chaw vuam zoo ib yam li lwm cov txheej txheem vuam laser; qhov txawv tsuas yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb laser thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm vuam qhov chaw. Laser qhov chaw vuam muab faib ua ob hom: thermal conduction vuam thiab keyhole vuam. Hauv thermal conduction qhov chaw vuam, lub laser tsuas yog yaj cov hlau yam tsis muaj vaporizing nws. Txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau kev vuam cov hlau nrog lub thickness tsawg dua 0.5 hli, xws li Nd: YAG laser qhov chaw vuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv keyhole laser qhov chaw vuam, lub laser tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau kev siv zog laser ntau dua thiab ua tiav qhov tob tob dua. Kev tiv thaiv qhov chaw vuam ib txwm yaj cov khoom ua haujlwm los tsim cov chaw vuam siv cov cua sov tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, thaum qhov cua sov ntawm laser qhov chaw vuam los ntawm laser hluav taws xob, ua rau muaj cov duab sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw vuam.
Cov kev hloov kho tau ntawm laser spot welding feem ntau suav nrog lub zog laser, lub sijhawm welding, thiab qhov defocus. Rau spot welding siv hom pulse, cov kev hloov kho kuj suav nrog pulse waveform, zaus, thiab lub voj voog ua haujlwm. Ntawm cov no, lub zog laser feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw weld, thaum lub sijhawm welding muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau qhov loj ntawm sab ntawm qhov chaw weld. Feem ntau, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm laser ntev dua, qhov loj dua ntawm qhov chaw sab saud thiab qis ntawm qhov chaw weld thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw fusion. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov defocus feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qhov inch ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub zog ceev ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, yog li muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tag nrho cov duab ntawm qhov chaw weld.
Cov yam ntxwv
- Nrog laser ua qhov chaw cua sov, qhov chaw vuam muab kev kub ceev, kev raug siab, kev nkag mus rau cua sov tsawg, thiab qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
- Qib kev ywj pheej ntawm qhov chaw vuam tau zoo dua qub, ua rau txhua qhov chaw vuam thiab yooj yim paub txogib sab vuam qhov chaw, yog li ntawd ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsim khoom.
- Kev siv laser spot welding muaj qhov yuav tsum tau tsawg rau qhov loj ntawm cov pob qij txha. Muaj cov kev txwv tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov kev ntsuas xws li qhov ntau ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab qhov deb ntawm cov chaw vuam, thiab tsis tas yuav xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv tam sim no.
- Rau kev vuam cov phaj tsis sib npaug, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb (cov hlau txhuas, cov ntawv galvanized), laser spot welding ua tau zoo dua li cov txheej txheem vuam ib txwm muaj.
- Nws tsis xav tau ntau yam khoom siv pabcuam, tuaj yeem hloov kho sai rau kev hloov pauv khoom, thiab ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam.
II. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Qhov Tsis Zoo ntawm Laser Spot Welding
Cov kab nrib pleb, qhov hws, thiab qhov sagging yog cov teeb meem feem ntau hauv kev vuam laser, uas tau tshuaj xyuas ib qho zuj zus hauv qab no.
1. Cov kab nrib pleb
Cov kab nrib pleb raug muab faib ua cov kab nrib pleb saum npoo av thiab cov kab nrib pleb ntev. Qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser yog ceev heev, ua rau muaj qhov kub thiab txias loj ntawm thaj chaw kub thiab cov hlau nyob ib puag ncig, uas yooj yim ua rau muaj kab nrib pleb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv; piv txwv li, cov hlau txhuas muaj qhov nyiam tawg ntau dua thaum vuam laser dua li cov hlau tsis xeb. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv kev tawg yog los ua kom zoo dua qhov pulse waveform kom tswj tau qhov txias ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau khov thiab txo qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
2. Qhov hws
Cov qhov tsis zoo (pores) hauv laser spot welds muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov qhov me me thiab cov qhov loj. Cov qhov me me feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov hydrogen hauv cov hlau ua kua thaum lub sijhawm hlau khov, nrog rau kev ua pa sai ntawm cov hlau hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub pas dej yaj. Cov qhov loj feem ntau yog vim qhov txias sai dhau thaum lub sijhawm laser spot welding, uas ua rau lub sijhawm tsis txaus rau cov hlau nyob ib puag ncig lub qhov tseem ceeb rov qab los. Feem ntau, cov qhov me me feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kev vuam qhov ntev, thaum cov qhov loj yuav tshwm sim hauv kev vuam qhov luv luv.
Muaj ob qhov chaw uas cov qhov hws yuav tshwm sim feem ntau hauv kev vuam laser: ib qho nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw sib xyaw hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw vuam, thiab lwm qhov nyob ntawm cov hauv paus ntawm qhov vuam. Cov duab yaj uas tau ntes los ntawm X-ray qhia tau hais tias cov qhov hws nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw sib xyaw feem ntau yog los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thaum lub qhov tseem ceeb kaw; rau cov qhov hws ntawm cov hauv paus vuam, lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb vim yog qhov ploj mus sai ntawm lub laser tom qab tsim lub qhov tseem ceeb.
3. Qaug zog
Kev poob qis yog ib qho tshwm sim pom tseeb hauv kev vuam laser. Qhov nruab nrab poob qis ntawm qhov chaw vuam thiab cov hlau sib sau ua ke nyob ib puag ncig nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog rov qab los ntawm cov hlau vaporization thawb cov hlau kua mus rau qhov chaw vuam. Thaum lub sijhawm txias, cov hlau sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw khov sai thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab puv tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev poob khoom los ntawm cov hlau evaporation sai thiab spattering yog lwm yam uas ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv nruab nrab. Lub sijhawm pulse muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau ob qho tib si sagging ntawm qhov chaw vuam thiab kev tsim cov pores. Cov chaw vuam zoo tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm lub zog pulse waveform thiab lub sijhawm.
4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Defocus Amount rau Weld Spots
Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tsis pom tseeb ncaj qha hloov qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla thiab lub zog ceev. Thaum qhov tsis pom tseeb nce ntxiv rau ob qho tib si tsis zoo thiab zoo, nws txhais tau tias qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla nce ntxiv thiab qhov zog ceev txo qis. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam laser, muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov loj ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb pib tsim los ntawm qhov laser tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv xeem, thaum qhov zog ceev txiav txim siab qhov nrawm ntawm lub pas dej molten. Thaum tus nqi tag nrho ntawm qhov tsis pom tseeb me me, qhov chaw laser txoj kab uas hla me me, qhov ceev ntawm lub zog laser siab, thiab qhov nrawm nthuav dav ntawm lub pas dej molten ntawm qhov chaw vuam yog ceev, tab sis txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb pib yog me me. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thaum qhov tsis pom tseeb loj, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb pib yog loj, tab sis qhov nrawm nthuav dav ntawm lub pas dej molten qeeb qeeb, thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw vuam uas tshwm sim yuav tsis loj. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm qhov tsis pom tseeb, qhov cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov zog ceev ntawm qhov chaw vuam txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw vuam.
III. Kev Siv Tshuab Laser Spot Welding
Kev vuam laser muaj qhov ceev ceev, qhov tob tob, qhov tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm chav tsev kub lossis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom siv vuam yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lasers pulse siab (nrog rau qhov zaus siab dua 40 pulses ib ob) tau ua rau muaj kev siv dav dav ntawm laser spot welding hauv kev sib dhos thiab vuam ntawm cov khoom me me thiab me me hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Thaum vuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me uas xav tau thaj chaw me me uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov - xws li kev sib txuas ntawm iav thiab hlau, kev sib txuas ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv cov voj voog semiconductor uas rhiab heev rau cua sov, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau sib txawv hauv cov xov hlau - laser spot welding muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov txheej txheem vuam ib txwm muaj (piv txwv li, kev vuam tsis kam), nrog cov chaw vuam tsis muaj kuab paug thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam. Daim duab 6-60 qhia txog piv txwv ntawm kev siv laser spot welding hauv kev tsim cov teeb taub hau tsheb: 500W solid-state pulse laser tsim plaub qhov chaw vuam zoo sib xws nrog qhov zaus pulse siab heev.
Thaum ua qhov chaw vuam qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv me me siv lub zog siab pulse, pulsed Nd: YAG lasers muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam. Hauv feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov vuam qhov chaw lag luam, pulsed solid-state lasers nrog lub zog nruab nrab ntawm 50W thiab lub zog pulse > 2kW feem ntau yog siv. Lub laser tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov workpiece los ntawm cov fibers optical lossis cov iav tsom ua ke.
Laser qhov chaw vuam siv tau rau ntau yam khoom siv. Piv txwv li, thaum vuam qhov chaw Li roj teeb, siv Nd:YAG laser chaw vuam tshuabKev txuas cov hlau sib txawv zoo dua li TIG vuam thiab kev vuam qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Tshwj xeeb, txij li thaum cov fiber ntau siv los xa cov lasers thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, nws yooj yim rau kev txav mus los sai thiab yooj yim ntawm ntau lub rooj ua haujlwm.
Hauv kev xaus lus, laser spot welding muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm lub zog laser, qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw vuam hloov pauv mus rau saum thiab nqis, thaum qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw sib xyaw thiab qhov chaw qis dua nce qeeb qeeb. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab hla ntawm qhov chaw vuam tsis pom tseeb. Thaum lub sijhawm nce ntxiv, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw vuam nce sai, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw sib xyaw ntau dua li ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw sab saud thiab qis dua. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tsis meej pem muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Nws ncaj qha hloov pauv qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov ceev ntawm lub zog laser, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob yam no txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw vuam.
- Yog tias nkag mus rau hauv tag nrho, qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw vuam laser yuav pom tseeb tias yuav poob qis. Thaum lub zog laser thiab lub sijhawm ntev zuj zus, qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw vuam yuav nce ntxiv. Thaum lub sijhawm ntev lossis qhov sib txawv loj, qhov chaw qis dua kuj tseem yuav pom qhov nkhaus.
- Thaum qhov sib txawv nce ntxiv, qhov kev hloov pauv tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw vuam, qhov chaw nruab nrab sagging, thiab indentation pom tseeb. Qhov chaw fusion shrinks, thiab lub zog txo qis sai. Tam sim no, hauv kev vuam ntawm resistors, roj teeb, thiab thaj chaw hluav taws xob, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev vuam ob qhov chaw tib lub sijhawm feem ntau yog siv, uas feem ntau siv tus qauv tsim nrog ob lub teeb laser.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-27-2025
