Cov Txuj Ci Siv Vuam Siab Yog Dab Tsi?
Kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau tsav kev vam meej tas mus li hauv kev siv tshuab vuam, ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam tshiab. Cov txheej txheem vuam siab heev hais txog cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke siab heev dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj (xws li kev vuam hlau tiv thaiv, kev vuam submerged arc, thiab kev vuam roj hlau ib txwm muaj). Kev tshwm sim thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam siab heev no yog los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam kev kawm. Cov txheej txheem vuam siab heev (piv txwv li, kev vuam beam siab, kev vuam laser-arc hybrid, kev vuam nqus tsev, thiabkev vuam hlau robotic) tau siv rau hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, lub zog, tsheb, aerospace, kev lag luam nuclear, thiab lwm yam. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau hauv kev vuam cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv, txhawb kev vam meej hauv zej zog thiab thev naus laus zis.
Kev vuam cov khoom siv siab heev muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab thiab muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Tom qab kev txhim kho sai hauv xyoo pua 20th, kev siv tshuab vuam, ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub, tau nkag mus rau xyoo pua 21st nrog lub kaw lus paub tab, hloov pauv los ntawm kev tsim khoom siv tes mus rau kev siv tshuab, tsis siv neeg, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev tsim khoom ntse. Qhov no cim lub sijhawm tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb vuam thiab kev tsim kho.
(1) Kev Vuam Sib Xyaws Laser-Arc
Cov thev naus laus zis ua cov beam muaj zog siab tau raug hu ua cov thev naus laus zis ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws hauv xyoo pua 21st, ntseeg tias "coj kev hloov pauv tshiab rau kev ua cov khoom siv thiab kev tsim khoom," thiab tam sim no yog qhov kev lag luam kev lag luam uas loj hlob sai tshaj plaws thiab tshawb fawb tshaj plaws.
Kev loj hlob ntawmcov khoom siv vuammus rau qhov loj-loj muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: ib qho yog qhov nce ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv vuam los ntawm cov khoom siv. Vim yog qhov kev nqis peev ib zaug siab hauv cov khoom siv vuam siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog laser vuam thiab cov khoom siv vuam electron beam, kev nce lub zog, kev txhim kho qhov tob tob thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam tuaj yeem txo cov nqi vuam, ua rau nws txais tau rau kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis vuam sib xyaw ua ke uas tsom mus rau lasers tau nyiam mloog. Qhov tseeb, laser-arc hybrid vuam tau raug thov thaum ntxov li xyoo 1970, tab sis cov ntawv thov kev lag luam ruaj khov tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv xyoo tas los no, feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis laser thiab cov khoom siv vuam arc, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhim kho ntawm lub zog laser thiab arc tswj thev naus laus zis. Laser-arc hybrid feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm laser nrog tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc, plasma arc, thiab active arc. Los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm laser thiab arc, qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua txoj kev vuam tuaj yeem kov yeej, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hybrid.
Kev vuam laser-arc hybrid ua rau kev vuam zoo dua qub, feem ntau yog raws li ob qho teebmeem: thawj zaug, lub zog siab ua rau kev vuam ceev dua thiab txo qhov cua sov poob ntawm qhov workpiece; qhov thib ob, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qhov chaw cua sov. Thaum vuam hlau, lub laser plasma ua rau lub arc ruaj khov; tib lub sijhawm, lub arc nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub pas dej molten, txo qhov poob zog. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm laser thiab TIG tuaj yeem ua rau qhov ceev vuam ntau dua, kwv yees li ob npaug ntawm TIG vuam. Qhov hnav tungsten electrode kuj raug txo qis heev, ua rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua; lub kaum sab xis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qis heev, thiab thaj chaw vuam zoo ib yam li kev vuam laser. Piv nrog laser-ib leeg arc hybrid vuam, laser-ob chav arc hybrid vuam tuaj yeem txo qhov cua sov vuam los ntawm 25% thiab ua rau qhov ceev vuam los ntawm kwv yees li 30%.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm laser-arc (lossis plasma arc) hybrid welding yog kev txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam thiab qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus. Vim yog cua sov arc, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau nce siab, txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau rau lub laser thiab ua rau kev nqus ntawm lub zog teeb. Txoj kev no tau raug sim ntawm kev vuam laser CO₂ qis zog, nrog rau 12kW CO₂ laser vuam thiab 2kW YAG lasers nrog kev xa xov fiber ntau, tso lub hauv paus rau robotic laser-arc (lossis plasma arc) hybrid vuam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, hybrid welding technology yug los ntawm laser-arc hybrid tau ua tiav kev txhim kho tseem ceeb, thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov khoom sib xyaw hauv aerospace, tub rog, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau ntxiv. Tam sim no, hybrid welding technology sib xyaw ua ke high-energy beams nrog ntau yam arcs tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov hotspots hauv thaj chaw ntawm high-energy beam vuam.
(2) Kev Sib Txhuam Sib Vuam
Kev Siv Friction Stir Welding (FSW) yog ib txoj kev siv tshuab vuam uas tau txais patent los ntawm Welding Institute (TWI) ntawm United Kingdom thaum ntxov xyoo 1990. Nws tuaj yeem vuam cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous uas nyuaj rau vuam siv cov txheej txheem fusion welding.
Kev sib txhuam sib txhuam vuam muaj qhov zoo xws li cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke yooj yim, cov noob me me hauv qhov sib koom ua ke, kev ua haujlwm qaug zog zoo, kev ua haujlwm tensile, thiab kev ua haujlwm khoov, tsis tas yuav siv cov xov hlau vuam lossis cov pa roj tiv thaiv, tsis muaj lub teeb arc, thiab qis kev ntxhov siab thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab vuam. Nws tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam aerospace ntawm cov tebchaws tsim kho hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, thiab tau siv zoo hauv kev vuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab aluminium alloy nyias-walled ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub qis, ua tiav qhov sib koom ua ke ncaj ntawm cov vuam ntev thiab qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov vuam voj voog. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau raug saws los siv rau hauv kev tsim qauv tshiab ntawm cov tsheb tshiab thiab siv rau hauv aerospace, kev thauj mus los, kev tsim khoom tsheb, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
(3) Kev Vuam Tshuab Nqus Tsev Diffusion
Qhov kev tshwm sim tas mus li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siab heev ua rau muaj kev cov nyom tshiab rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis. Kev koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tshiab, xws li cov hlau tiv taus cua sov, cov khoom siv ceramics siab heev, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, yog qhov nyuaj rau ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem fusion welding ib txwm muaj, yog li cov khoom siv khov kho diffusion bonding thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, superplastic forming-diffusion welding technology tau siv tau zoo hauv titanium alloy honeycomb qauv ntawm cov dav hlau. Ceramics thiab cov hlau tuaj yeem koom ua ke los ntawm diffusion welding; daim ntawv thov ntawm transient kua theem diffusion welding technology tau daws ntau yam teeb meem nyuaj koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tawv uas tsis tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawmkev sib txuas ua keyav dhau los.
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom khov kho muaj ob pawg. Ib qho yog txoj kev sib txuas nrog qhov kub qis, siab siab, thiab lub sijhawm luv luv, uas ua rau muaj kev sib cuag ze ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab ua rau cov zaj duab xis oxide tawg los ntawm kev hloov pauv yas hauv zos. Kev hloov pauv yas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pob qij txha. Cov txheej txheem sib txuas no suav nrogkev sib txhuam vuam, kev vuam tawg, kev vuam txias, thiab kev vuam kub, uas feem ntau hu ua kev vuam siab. Qhov thib ob yog txoj kev sib txuas diffusion nrog qhov kub siab, qhov siab qis, thiab lub sijhawm ntev, feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv huab cua tiv thaiv lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev. Txoj kev koom ua ke no tsuas yog tsim cov yas deformation tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab interface diffusion yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pob qij txha. Cov txheej txheem koom ua ke no feem ntau suav nrog diffusion welding, xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev diffusion welding, transient liquid phase diffusion welding, kub isostatic nias diffusion welding, thiab superplastic forming-diffusion welding.
Ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim tas li ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam siab heev thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab (cov saum toj no tsuas yog ob peb qhov piv txwv), qib ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg ntawm ntau txoj kev vuam kuj zoo dua tas li. Kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hluav taws xob, kev siv tshuab pom, khoos phis tawj, thiab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev qhuab qhia vuam, ua rau kev siv tshuab vuam txav mus rau kev tswj hwm ntse. Tshwj xeeb, kev qhia loj ntawm cov neeg hlau vuam tau tawg los ntawm hom kev siv tshuab vuam ib txwm muaj, qhib hom tshiab ntawm kev siv tshuab yooj ywm hauv kev vuam, thiab muab qhov chaw loj dua rau kev siv tshuab vuam. Kev vuam tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev ua tiav tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub. Ntxiv mus, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho hauv zej zog thiab kev lag luam, cov teb thov ntawm kev vuam / koom ua ke siab heev yuav txuas ntxiv nthuav dav.
(4) Kev Vuam Tsis Siv Neeg thiab Kev Txawj Ntse
Kev siv tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev tsim khoom vuam, xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo, thiab txhim kho cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg ntawm kev tsim khoom vuam yog kev coj ua yav tom ntej ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam. Kev txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo thiab zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom vuam tsuas yog muaj qee qhov kev txwv los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam. Cov txheej txheem vuam / koom ua ke xws li electron beam vuam, laser vuam, thiab kev sib txhuam sib txhuam vuam muaj cov kev cai nruj ntawm cov qauv groove thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib dhos. Tom qab vuam tsis siv neeg, tag nrho cov qauv vuam yog huv si, meej, thiab zoo nkauj, hloov pauv qhov tshwm sim rov qab ntawm kev ua haujlwm tes hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm vuam yav dhau los.
Ua ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis niaj hnub thiab kev lag luam thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov neeg hlau tau muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam high-tech. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom vuam thiab cov kev cai nruj rau qhov zoo ntawm vuam, ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis vuam tsis zoo thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm, ua rau cov txheej txheem vuam uas tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem vuam tsis siv neeg thiab ntse tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Tam sim no, 30% txog 40% ntawm cov neeg hlau thoob ntiaj teb siv rau hauv kev siv tshuab vuam. Cov neeg hlau vuam thawj zaug feem ntau siv rau hauv cov kab ntau lawm vuam hauv kev lag luam tsheb, thiab nyob rau xyoo tas los no, lawv tau maj mam nthuav dav mus rau lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thawj zaugkev vuam ntseyog lub tshuab pom kev. Cov tshuab pom kev uas tsim tawm tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg hlau hloov kho txoj kev txav ntawm lub teeb raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm vuam, thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem hloov kho cov txheej txheem raws sijhawm raws li qhov loj ntawm qhov zawj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-20-2025
