Piv nrog cov tsoos vuam tshuab,laser vuammuaj qhov zoo sib xws hauv kev vuam raug, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ntseeg siab, automation thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws tau tsim sai heev hauv kev lag luam tsheb, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, thiab suav tias yog ib qho kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st.
1. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm ob-nqajlaser vuam
Ob-beamlaser vuamyog siv txoj kev kho qhov muag los cais tib lub laser rau hauv ob lub teeb sib cais ntawm lub teeb rau vuam, lossis siv ob hom lasers los ua ke, xws li CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser thiab high-power semiconductor laser. Txhua yam tuaj yeem ua ke. Nws tau npaj siab los daws qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm laser vuam rau kev sib dhos raug, txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm vuam. Ob-beamlaser vuamtuaj yeem yooj yim thiab yooj yim kho qhov chaw vuam kub los ntawm kev hloov cov kab hluav taws xob sib piv, nqaj sib nrug, thiab txawm tias lub zog faib qauv ntawm ob lub laser kab teeb, hloov cov qauv muaj nyob ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv ntws ntawm cov kua hlau hauv lub pas dej molten. Muab kev xaiv dav dua ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov lojlaser vuamnkag mus, ceev ceev thiab siab precision, tab sis kuj yog haum rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov pob qij txha uas nyuaj rau weld nrog cov pa.laser vuam.
Rau ob-beamlaser vuam, peb thawj zaug sib tham txog qhov kev siv ntawm ob-beam laser. Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav qhia tau hais tias muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb kom ua tiav ob chav nqaj vuam: kis tau tus mob tsom thiab xav txog kev tsom. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho yog ua tiav los ntawm kev kho lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm ob lub lasers los ntawm tsom iav tsom iav thiab collimating iav. Lwm qhov yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub laser qhov chaw thiab tom qab ntawd tsom los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov iav, cov iav transmissive thiab cov iav zoo li lub ntsej muag kom ua tiav ob kab teeb. Rau thawj txoj kev, feem ntau yog peb daim ntawv. Thawj daim ntawv yog ob peb lasers los ntawm optical fibers thiab muab faib ua ob kab sib txawv nyob rau hauv tib daim iav collimating thiab tsom iav. Qhov thib ob yog tias ob lub lasers tso tawm laser beams los ntawm lawv cov welding taub hau, thiab ob chav nqaj yog tsim los ntawm kev kho qhov chaw ntawm lub vuam taub hau. Qhov thib peb txoj kev yog hais tias lub laser beam yog thawj zaug faib los ntawm ob daim iav 1 thiab 2, thiab ces tsom los ntawm ob tsom iav 3 thiab 4 raws li. Txoj hauj lwm thiab kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub focal me ntsis tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho cov kaum sab xis ntawm ob lub tsom iav 3 thiab 4. Qhov thib ob txoj kev yog siv lub zog-xeev laser faib lub teeb kom ua tiav ob kab teeb, thiab kho lub kaum sab xis thiab sib nrug ntawm daim iav tsom iav thiab ib daim iav tsom iav. Ob daim duab kawg hauv thawj kab hauv qab no qhia txog cov kab ke spectroscopic ntawm CO2 laser. Daim iav tiaj tus yog hloov nrog lub ntsej muag zoo li daim iav thiab muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav tsom iav kom faib lub teeb kom ua tiav ob lub teeb sib luag.
Tom qab nkag siab txog qhov kev siv ntawm ob kab teeb, cia peb luv luv qhia cov ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem vuam. Hauv ob-nqajlaser vuamtxheej txheem, muaj peb hom kab teeb pom kev zoo, uas yog serial arrangement, parallel arrangement thiab hybrid arrangement. daim ntaub, uas yog, muaj kev ncua deb ntawm ob qho tib si vuam kev taw qhia thiab vuam ntsug kev taw qhia. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv kab kawg ntawm daim duab, raws li cov duab sib txawv ntawm qhov me me thiab cov pas dej molten uas tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm serial welding txheej txheem, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib leeg. Muaj peb lub xeev: pas dej ua ke, pas dej ua ke sib xyaw thiab cov pas dej sib cais sib cais. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib leeg molten pas dej ua ke thiab sib cais molten pas dej ua ke zoo ib yam li cov ntawm ib leeglaser vuam, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv tus lej simulation daim duab. Muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv rau ntau hom.
Hom 1: Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nrug, ob lub nqaj keyholes tsim ib qho loj keyhole nyob rau hauv tib lub pas dej ua ke molten; rau hom 1, nws tau tshaj tawm tias ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb yog siv los tsim lub qhov me me, thiab lwm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb yog siv rau kev kho cua sov, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txheej txheem zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab thiab cov hlau alloy.
Hom 2: Ua kom qhov chaw sib nrug hauv tib lub pas dej molten, cais ob kab rau hauv ob lub qhov tseem ceeb, thiab hloov cov qauv ntws ntawm lub pas dej molten; rau hom 2, nws muaj nuj nqi yog sib npaug rau ob electron beam welding, txo weld spatter thiab irregular welds ntawm qhov tsim nyog focal ntev.
Hom 3: Ntxiv rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw thiab hloov lub zog piv ntawm ob kab teeb, yog li ntawd ib qho ntawm ob kab teeb yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ua cov khoom ua ntej vuam los yog tom qab vuam thaum lub sij hawm vuam, thiab lwm yam beam. yog siv los tsim cov qhov me me. Rau hom 3, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias ob kab teeb tsim ib lub qhov tseem ceeb, lub qhov me me tsis yooj yim tawg, thiab cov vuam tsis yooj yim los tsim cov pores.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm vuam zoo
Cov nyhuv ntawm serial beam-zog piv ntawm vuam seam tsim
Thaum lub zog laser yog 2kW, qhov vuam ceev yog 45 hli / s, tus nqi defocus yog 0 hli, thiab cov nqaj sib nrug yog 3 hli, qhov vuam nto zoo thaum hloov RS (RS = 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) yog raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Thaum RS = 0.50 thiab 2.00, lub weld yog dented mus rau ib tug ntau dua, thiab muaj ntau spatter rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub weld, tsis tsim ib txwm ntses scale qauv. Qhov no yog vim hais tias thaum lub beam zog piv yog me me los yog loj heev, lub zog laser yog heev concentrated, ua rau lub laser pinhole mus oscillate ntau heev thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, thiab lub recoil siab ntawm lub chav ua rau lub ejection thiab splashing ntawm lub molten. pas dej ua ke hlau nyob rau hauv lub molten pas dej ua ke; Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau ua rau qhov nkag mus tob ntawm lub pas dej molten ntawm sab aluminium alloy loj dhau, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Thaum RS = 0.67 thiab 1.50, cov ntses nplai qauv ntawm qhov chaw vuam yog qhov sib xws, qhov vuam zoo nkauj zoo nkauj dua, thiab tsis pom qhov vuam kub tawg, qhov pores thiab lwm yam vuam tsis xws luag ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Cov duab hla ntawm cov welds nrog cov kab hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm RS yog raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Qhov hla ntu ntawm cov welds yog nyob rau hauv ib qho "cov iav iav zoo li", qhia tias cov txheej txheem vuam yog ua nyob rau hauv laser sib sib zog nqus welding hom. RS muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag mus rau qhov tob P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy. Thaum lub beam zog piv RS = 0.5, P2 yog 1203.2 microns. Thaum lub beam zog piv yog RS = 0.67 thiab 1.5, P2 yog ho txo, uas yog 403.3 microns thiab 93.6 microns feem. Thaum lub teeb hluav taws xob sib piv yog RS = 2, qhov sib nqus qhov tob ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yog 1151.6 microns.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sib luag-lub zog sib piv ntawm vuam seam tsim
Thaum lub zog laser yog 2.8kW, qhov vuam ceev yog 33mm / s, tus nqi defocus yog 0mm, thiab cov nqaj sib nrug yog 1 hli, qhov chaw vuam tau txais los ntawm kev hloov cov nqaj zog piv (RS = 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5 , 2, 4) Cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv daim duab. Thaum RS = 2, tus ntses nplai qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam yog qhov tsis sib xws. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov weld tau los ntawm lwm tsib lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub zog sib txawv yog tsim tau zoo, thiab tsis muaj qhov pom kev tsis xws luag xws li pores thiab spatter. Yog li ntawd, piv nrog serial dual-beamlaser vuam, weld nto siv cov kab sib txuas dual-beams zoo ib yam thiab zoo nkauj dua. Thaum RS = 0.25, muaj kev ntxhov siab me ntsis hauv qhov vuam; Raws li cov kab hluav taws xob sib piv maj mam nce (RS = 0.5, 0.67 thiab 1.5), qhov saum npoo ntawm cov vuam yog sib xws thiab tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab tsim; Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub teeb hluav taws xob sib piv ntxiv nce ntxiv (RS = 1.50, 2.00), tab sis muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam. Thaum lub teeb hluav taws xob sib piv RS = 0.25, 1.5 thiab 2, qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov khoom siv yog "cov iav iav zoo li"; Thaum RS = 0.50, 0.67 thiab 1, qhov sib tshooj ntawm qhov vuam yog "funnel-puab". Thaum RS = 4, tsis yog tsuas yog cov kab nrib pleb raug tsim nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub vuam, tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov pores yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab qis ntawm qhov vuam. Thaum RS = 2, cov txheej txheem loj pores tshwm nyob rau hauv lub vuam, tab sis tsis muaj kab nrib pleb tshwm. Thaum RS = 0.5, 0.67 thiab 1.5, qhov nkag mus tob P2 ntawm cov vuam ntawm lub aluminium alloy sab yog me dua, thiab cov ntoo khaub lig ntawm cov vuam yog tsim tau zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb vuam tsis xws luag raug tsim. Cov no qhia tau hais tias lub zog ntawm lub zog sib piv thaum lub sij hawm sib npaug ntawm ob-beam laser vuam kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev nkag mus rau vuam thiab vuam tsis xws luag.
Parallel beam - qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kab sib nrug ntawm vuam seam tsim
Thaum lub zog laser yog 2.8kW, qhov vuam ceev yog 33mm / s, tus nqi defocus yog 0mm, thiab beam zog piv RS = 0.67, hloov cov nqaj sib nrug (d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) kom tau txais weld nto morphology raws li daim duab qhia. Thaum d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov vuam yog du thiab tiaj tus, thiab cov duab zoo nkauj; cov ntses nplai qauv ntawm cov weld yog tsis tu ncua thiab zoo nkauj, thiab tsis pom qhov pores, tawg thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv plaub kab sib nrug, lub vuam nto yog tsim tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum d = 2 hli, ob qhov sib txawv welds tau tsim, uas qhia tau hais tias ob lub teeb sib luag laser tsis ua rau lub pas dej molten, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo dual-beam laser hybrid vuam. Thaum lub nqaj sib nrug yog 0.5 hli, qhov vuam yog "funnel-puab", qhov tob tob P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy yog 712.9 microns, thiab tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, qhov pores thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag hauv cov vuam. Raws li cov kab sib txuas txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, qhov nkag mus tob P2 ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy poob qis heev. Thaum cov kab sib nrug yog 1 hli, qhov tob tob ntawm qhov vuam ntawm sab aluminium alloy tsuas yog 94.2 microns. Raws li cov kab sib txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, qhov vuam tsis tsim kev nkag mus rau ntawm aluminium alloy sab. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub beam spacing yog 0.5mm, ob-beam recombination nyhuv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nce, qhov vuam cua sov cov tswv yim txo qis, thiab ob-beam laser recombination nyhuv maj mam zuj zus.
Qhov txawv ntawm weld morphology yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntws thiab txias solidification ntawm lub pas dej molten thaum lub vuam txheej txheem. Tus lej simulation txoj kev tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub pas dej molten intuitive, tab sis kuj txo cov nqi sim. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm sab hauv lub pas dej ua ke nrog ib lub nqaj, kev sib txawv thiab qhov chaw sib txawv. Lub ntsiab lus xaus muaj xws li: (1) Thaum lub sij hawm ib leeg-nqajlaser vuamtxheej txheem, qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej ua ke qhov tob yog qhov tob tshaj plaws, muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub qhov tawg, lub qhov phab ntsa yog qhov tsis sib xws, thiab qhov ntws tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa yog qhov tsis sib xws; nyob ze ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm lub pas dej molten Lub reflow muaj zog, thiab muaj upward reflow nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej ua ke molten; Cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub pas dej molten yog qhov sib xws thiab qeeb, thiab qhov dav ntawm lub pas dej molten tsis sib npaug raws qhov tob tob. Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm phab ntsa recoil siab nyob rau hauv lub pas dej molten ntawm lub qhov me me nyob rau hauv ob-beamlaser vuam, thiab nws ib txwm muaj nyob raws qhov tob ntawm qhov me me. Raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob kab teeb txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, lub zog ceev ntawm lub nqaj yuav maj mam hloov ntawm ib lub ncov mus rau ob lub ncov siab. Muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm ob lub ncov, thiab lub zog ceev maj mam txo qis. (2) Rau ob-kab teeblaser vuam, thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0-0.5 hli, qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej molten me qhov txo qis me ntsis, thiab tag nrho cov molten pas dej ntws tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam li ib leeg-nqaj.laser vuam; Thaum qhov chaw sib nrug siab tshaj 1 hli, qhov me me tau sib cais tag nrho, thiab thaum lub sij hawm vuam yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub lasers, uas yog sib npaug rau ob qhov sib law liag / ob qho tib si ib leeg-nqaj laser vuam nrog lub zog ntawm 1750W. Yuav luag tsis muaj cov nyhuv preheating, thiab cov molten pas dej ua ke tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam li ib leeg-beam laser vuam. (3) Thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0.5-1 hli, phab ntsa ntawm qhov me me yog flatter nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev npaj, qhov tob ntawm qhov me me maj mam txo, thiab hauv qab maj mam sib cais. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov me me thiab qhov ntws ntawm lub pas dej molten yog nyob ntawm 0.8mm. Lub zog tshaj. Rau serial vuam, qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej molten maj mam nce, qhov dav yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0.8mm, thiab cov nyhuv preheating yog pom tseeb tshaj plaws thaum qhov chaw sib nrug yog 0.8mm. Cov nyhuv ntawm Marangoni quab yuam maj mam tsis muaj zog, thiab ntau cov kua hlau ntws mus rau ob sab ntawm lub pas dej molten. Ua kom lub melt dav faib ntau yam. Rau kev sib txuas welding, qhov dav ntawm lub pas dej molten maj mam nce, thiab qhov ntev yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.8mm, tab sis tsis muaj cov nyhuv preheating; lub reflow nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw tshwm sim los ntawm Marangoni quab yuam ib txwm muaj, thiab downward reflow nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov me me maj disappears; qhov hla ntu ntu ntws tsis zoo li Nws muaj zog hauv koob, qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau qhov ntws ntawm ob sab ntawm lub pas dej molten, thiab qhov dav molten yog unevenly faib.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-12-2023
